r - 将数据框中的列分成几个其他列

Question

我有一个数据框:

                     value
2020-11-20 09:10:28:005 DEBUG <main> {EVENT-upload} [Item_create] increase values: user = "jbohl"
2020-11-20 09:11:10:055 DEBUG <main> {EVENT-upload} [Item_create] redirect: user = "msmith". limit test
2020-11-20 09:10:28:174 INFO <main> {EVENT-upload} [INPUT] new set: id = 12442, user = "msmith"

我如何将列“值”分成 6 列，由时间戳和括号定义？所需的结果必须如下所示:

        timestamp           col2      col3          col4               col5              message
2020-11-20 09:10:28:005    DEBUG     <main>      {EVENT-upload}     [Item_create]      increase values: user = "jbohl"
2020-11-20 09:11:10:055    DEBUG     <main>      {EVENT-upload}     [Item_create]      redirect: user = "msmith". limit test
2020-11-20 09:10:28:174    INFO      <main>      {EVENT-upload}     [INPUT]            new set: id = 12442, user = "msmith"

输出:

df <- structure(list(value = c("2020-11-20 09:10:28:005 DEBUG <main> {EVENT-upload} [Item_create] increase values: user = jbohl", "2020-11-20 09:11:10:055 DEBUG <main> {EVENT-upload} [Item_create] redirect: user = msmith. limit test", "2020-11-20 09:10:28:174 INFO <main> {EVENT-upload} [INPUT] new set: id = 12442, user = msmith" )), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -3L)) 

Answer 1

您可以使用 tidyr的 extract并为每个列值提供一个模式来提取。

tidyr::extract(df, value,
               c('timestamp', paste0('col', 2:5), 'message'), 
               '(\\d+-\\d+-\\d+ \\d+:\\d+:\\d+:\\d+)\\s*([A-Z]+)\\s*(<.*?>)\\s*({.*?})\\s*(\\[.*?\\])\\s*(.*)')

#               timestamp  col2   col3           col4          col5
#1 2020-11-20 09:10:28:005 DEBUG <main> {EVENT-upload} [Item_create]
#2 2020-11-20 09:11:10:055 DEBUG <main> {EVENT-upload} [Item_create]
#3 2020-11-20 09:10:28:174  INFO <main> {EVENT-upload}       [INPUT]

#                              message
#1       increase values: user = jbohl
#2 redirect: user = msmith. limit test
#3  new set: id = 12442, user = msmith

timestamp - 提取遵循模式 num-num-num num:num:num:num 的数字col2 - 提取以下所有大写文本col3 - 在 <.*> 中提取值col4 - 在 {.*} 中提取值col5 - 在 [.*] 中提取值col6 - 所有剩余的文本。
数据

df <- structure(list(value = c("2020-11-20 09:10:28:005 DEBUG <main> {EVENT-upload} [Item_create] increase values: user = jbohl", 
"2020-11-20 09:11:10:055 DEBUG <main> {EVENT-upload} [Item_create] redirect: user = msmith. limit test", 
"2020-11-20 09:10:28:174 INFO <main> {EVENT-upload} [INPUT] new set: id = 12442, user = msmith"
)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -3L))