python - 使用表单集将许多文件上传到一条记录，但效果不太好

Question

我在网上使用了尽可能多的示例，试图拼凑出我的两个简单模型:

class Technical_Entry(models.Model):
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    ema = models.ForeignKey(EMA, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    system = models.ForeignKey('System', on_delete=models.CASCADE) # are SYSTEMS RELATED TO SUBSYSTEMS OR JUST TWO GROUPS?  
    sub_system = models.ForeignKey(SubSystem, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    drawing_number = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    drawing_title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    engineer = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    vendor = models.ForeignKey(Vendor, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    date_drawn = models.DateField()
    ab = models.BooleanField()



class Technical_Entry_Files(models.Model):
    tech_entry = models.ForeignKey(Technical_Entry, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    file = models.FileField(upload_to='techdb/files/')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.tech_entry.drawing_number

使用表单集上传。虽然页面“显示”基本正确，但它根本不会在 Technical_Entry_Files 模型中创建记录。

相关表格.py:

class FileUploadForm(forms.ModelForm):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(FileUploadForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.helper = FormHelper()  
        self.helper.form_class = 'form-horizontal'
        self.helper.label_class = 'col-lg-4'
        self.helper.field_class = 'col-lg-8'
    
    class Meta:
        model = Technical_Entry_Files
        fields = ('file',)


TechFileFormSet  = inlineformset_factory(Technical_Entry, Technical_Entry_Files, form=FileUploadForm, extra=1)



class Technical_EntryForm(forms.ModelForm):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(Technical_EntryForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.helper = FormHelper()  
        self.helper.form_class = 'form-horizontal'
        self.helper.label_class = 'col-lg-4'
        self.helper.field_class = 'col-lg-8'
        self.helper.add_input(Submit('submit', 'Submit'))

    class Meta:
        model = Technical_Entry
        fields = ('category', 'ema', 'system', 'sub_system', 'drawing_number', 'drawing_title', 'engineer', 'vendor', 'date_drawn', 'ab')


        widgets = {
            'date_drawn':DateInput(attrs={
            'class':'datepicker form-control',        
            'id' : 'datetimepicker2',
            'tabindex' : '1',
            'placeholder' : 'MM/DD/YYYY hh:mm',          
            'autocomplete':'off',
            }, format='%m/%d/%Y'),

            'system' : Select(attrs={'tabindex':'2'}),
        }

相关views.py:

class TechEntryUpdateView(LoginRequiredMixin, UpdateView):                                                                                             

    model = Technical_Entry
    form_class = Technical_EntryForm
    template_name = 'techdb/tech_entry_form.html'
    success_url = '/'
                                                                                             
    log_entry_class = Technical_EntryForm(Technical_Entry)
                                                                                         

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(TechEntryUpdateView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)

        if self.request.POST:
            context["file_upload"] = TechFileFormSet(self.request.POST, self.request.FILES,instance=self.object)
        else:
            context["file_upload"] = TechFileFormSet(instance=self.object)

#        entry = context['object'] 
 #       context['entry_id'] = entry.id
  #      theEntry = Technical_Entry.objects.get(pk=entry.id) 
#        entry_form = Technical_EntryForm(instance=theEntry)
#        context['entry_form'] = entry_form         
        return context

    def form_valid(self, form):
        context = self.get_context_data()
        file_upload = context["file_upload"]
        self.object = form.save()
        if file_upload.is_valid():
            file_upload.instance =self.object
            file_upload.save()
        return super().form_valid(form)

class TechEntryCreateView(LoginRequiredMixin, CreateView):
    print ("we are here")
    model = Technical_Entry
    form_class = Technical_EntryForm
    template_name = 'techdb/tech_entry_form.html'
    print(template_name)
    success_url = '/techentry_add'

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        data = super(TechEntryCreateView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        if self.request.POST:
            data['file_upload'] = TechFileFormSet(self.request.POST, self.request.FILES)
        else:
            data['file_upload'] = TechFileFormSet()
        return data


    def form_valid(self, form):
        context =self.get_context_data()
        file_upload = context['file_upload']
        with transaction.atomic():
            self.object = form.save()

            if file_upload.is_valid():
                file_upload.instance =self.object
                file_upload.save()
        return super(TechEntryCreateView, self).form_valid(form)

和 tech_entry_form.html:

{% extends 'base.html' %}


{% load static %}

{% block page-js %}

<script>
    $('.link-formset').formset({
        addText: 'add file',
        deleteText: 'remove',        
    });
</script>
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}

<main role="main" class="container">

      <div class="starter-template">
        <h1>New Tech Entry</h1>
      </div>

    <h2> Details of Technical Entry </h2>
     <div class="row">
      <div class="col-sm">
       <form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">{% csrf_token %}
                {{ form.as_p }}

                <h2> Files </h2>
                {{ file_upload.management_form }}
                {% for upload_form in file_upload.forms %}
                  <div class="link-formset">
                    {{ upload_form.file }}        
                  </div>
                 {% endfor %}

               
                <input type="submit" value="Save"/><a href="{% url 'tech_database:index' %}">back to the list</a>
            </form>
        </div>
       </div>
     </div>
    </main><!-- /.container -->


{% endblock %}

它将保存条目，但不会保存上传的文件，而且我也没有看到任何错误。

没有 techdb/files 文件夹(也许我必须创建它？)，但它肯定不会在任何地方失败...创建 Technical_Entry 记录，但不是 Technical_Entry_Files 记录，磁盘上也没有添加任何内容。

此外，这确实是最大的一 block ......它只允许我上传一个文件，即使表格应该允许多个文件到一个技术条目？ (也许我需要踢一些java脚本)。

我发现的所有示例要么不使用基于模型的表单、基于类的 View ，要么看起来有点矫枉过正。我只需要这些简单的模型来让我将许多文件上传到技术条目。我以为我已经很接近了，但担心我离让它发挥作用还差得很远:/

Answer 1

1.我注意到的一件事是你的 <form>没有

<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

这里1说:

No characters are encoded. This value is required when you are using forms that have a file upload control

2. 另一件似乎缺失的事情是:request.FILES

data['file_upload'] = TechFileFormSet(self.request.POST, self.request.FILES)

不确定上述内容是否应该纳入您的 View 中。

以下内容来自文档:about inlineformset在基于函数的 View 中。

if request.method == 'POST':
        formset = ArticleFormSet(request.POST, request.FILES)

文档的另一部分:about File Uploads说:

When Django handles a file upload, the file data ends up placed in request.FILES