我正在尝试将我的 react/django web-app 部署到 linux-VM droplet。我没有为 JS 内容使用 webpack。相反，我通过 CDN 子域、 digital ocean s3 存储桶提供 npm run build 静态文件。
我能够 python manage.py collectstatic 然后将我的 React 生产构建文件夹推送到 CDN。
当我访问我的生产网站时，它目前只是加载了一个包含这些控制台错误的空白页面:
Refused to apply style from 'https://www.my_website_URL.com/static/css/main.ce8d6426.chunk.css' because its MIME type ('text/html') is not a supported stylesheet MIME type, and strict MIME checking is enabled.
Refused to execute script from 'https://www.my_website_URL.com/static/js/2.ca12ac54.chunk.js' because its MIME type ('text/html') is not executable, and strict MIME type checking is enabled.
Refused to execute script from 'https://www.my_website_URL.com/static/js/main.220624ac.chunk.js' because its MIME type ('text/html') is not executable, and strict MIME type checking is enabled.
没有任何网络错误可以为此事提供任何有用的信息。
问题必须是服务器端(django)...我认为。
项目设置:
React 生产构建在我的核心 django 文件夹中。
以下是我如何通过 django 链接我的 React:
核心 urls.py
def render_react(request):
return render(request, "index.html")
#index.html being created by react, not django templates
urlpatterns = [
re_path(r"^$", render_react),
re_path(r"^(?:.*)/?$", render_react),
...
]
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<link rel="icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" />
<meta
name="description"
content="Web site created using create-react-app"
/>
{% comment %} <link rel="manifest" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/manifest.json" /> {% endcomment %}
<link
rel="stylesheet"
href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/chartist.js/latest/chartist.min.css"
/>
<script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/chartist.js/latest/chartist.min.js"></script>
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/logo192.png" />
<!--
manifest.json provides metadata used when your web app is installed on a
user's mobile device or desktop. See https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/web-app-manifest/
-->
<!--
Notice the use of %PUBLIC_URL% in the tags above.
It will be replaced with the URL of the `public` folder during the build.
Only files inside the `public` folder can be referenced from the HTML.
Unlike "/favicon.ico" or "favicon.ico", "%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico" will
work correctly both with client-side routing and a non-root public URL.
Learn how to configure a non-root public URL by running `npm run build`.
-->
<title>React App</title>
</head>
<body>
<noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript>
<div id="root"></div>
<!--
This HTML file is a template.
If you open it directly in the browser, you will see an empty page.
You can add webfonts, meta tags, or analytics to this file.
The build step will place the bundled scripts into the <body> tag.
To begin the development, run `npm start` or `yarn start`.
To create a production bundle, use `npm run build` or `yarn build`.
-->
</body>
</html>
settings.py
import os
from pathlib import Path
from decouple import config
import dj_database_url
from datetime import timedelta
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
# BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = config('DJANGO_SECRET_KEY')
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['URL's']
SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'https')
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = True
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = True
SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'rest_framework',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Third Party Apps #
'django_filters',
'corsheaders',
'django_extensions',
'drf_yasg',
'storages',
# Apps
'users',
'bucket',
'bucket_api',
#oauth
'oauth2_provider',
'social_django',
'drf_social_oauth2',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'oauth2_provider.middleware.OAuth2TokenMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'core.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS' : [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'build')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
'social_django.context_processors.backends',
'social_django.context_processors.login_redirect',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'core.wsgi.application'
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': config('DJANGO_DB_NAME'),
'USER' : config('DJANGO_DB_ADMIN'),
'PASSWORD' : config('DJANGO_ADMIN_PASS'),
'HOST' : config('DJANGO_DB_HOST'),
'PORT' : config('DJANGO_DB_PORT'),
'OPTIONS': {'sslmode':'disable'},
}
}
db_from_env = dj_database_url.config(conn_max_age=600)
DATABASES['default'].update(db_from_env)
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'America/New_York'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = config('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = config('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = config('AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME')
AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_URL = config('AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_URL')
AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN = config('AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN')
AWS_S3_OBJECT_PARAMETERS = {
'CacheControl': 'max-age=86400',
}
AWS_LOCATION = config('AWS_LOCATION')
AWS_DEFAULT_ACL = 'public-read'
STATIC_URL = '{}/{}/'.format(AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_URL, AWS_LOCATION)
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/templates'),
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'build/static')
]
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
如何修复我的 Django 以从我的 CDN 正确地提供生产静态 block css 和 js 文件？如果 Chrome 控制台能够在错误中找到文件，CDN 的路径和位置必须正确。
如果您需要我这边的更多信息，请告诉我。目前卡住了，没有一个简单的解决方案来修复我的 MIME 类型错误并解决我的网站仅加载空白页面的问题。
感谢您提供任何帮助/提示/或指导!
如果有人想知道，我正在使用 Gunicorn 和 Nginx。
编辑: 添加了赏金以提请注意此问题。我没有使用 Django webpack loader 和 babel。我宁愿不依赖其他可能轻易破坏事物的库。
编辑#2: 我已经添加了我的 NGINX 配置文件，我应该将流量重定向到我的 CDN 路径吗？
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
return 301 https://my_website_URL.io$request_uri;
}
server {
listen [::]:443 ssl ipv6only=on;
listen 443 ssl;
server_name my_website_URL.com www.my_website_URL.com;
# Let's Encrypt parameters
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/my_website_URL.com/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/my_website_URL.com/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;
location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
location / {
proxy_pass http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
}
编辑编辑编辑: 我已经添加了我的 gunicorn 文件，因为我得到了一个 502 错误的网关并且我的 gunicorn 服务给我这个错误:
● gunicorn.socket - gunicorn socket
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.socket; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: service-start-limit-hit) since Wed 2021-04-28 23:44:16 UTC; 1min 2s ago
Triggers: ● gunicorn.service
Listen: /run/gunicorn.sock (Stream)
这是我的 gunicorn 配置:
[Unit]
Description=gunicorn daemon
Requires=gunicorn.socket
After=network.target
[Service]
User=alpha
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/home/user/srv/project/backend
ExecStart=/home/user/srv/project/backend/venv/bin/gunicorn \
--access-logfile - \
--workers 3 \
--timeout 300 \
--bind unix:/run/gunicorn.sock \
core.wsgi:application
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
最佳答案
为什么您的应用不在您的 CDN 上寻找您的静态文件
静态文件 URL 是由 React 而不是 Django 生成的。所以即使STATIC_URL如果设置正确，静态文件的 URL 不会在 Django 中被模板化，例如使用 {% static '' %} .
根据您的 TEMPLATES 设置，Django 正在从 npm run build(而不是 index.html 在问题中)。 index.html 中指向 CSS 和 JavaScript 文件(也由 React 构建)的 /static URL 由 React 而不是 Django 生成。
要让 React 生成具有正确前缀的 URL，您可以设置 PUBLIC_URL运行 npm run build 之前的环境变量。目前它将使用默认设置(即主机的根 /)。
如果您在主机上提供静态文件或使用 {% static '' %}，您收到的错误将是一个问题。供引用:
为什么会出现 MIME 类型错误 (urls.py)
您的一个 URL 过于贪婪:
re_path(r"^(?:.*)/?$", render_react),
这将匹配:
static/css/main.ce8d6426.chunk.css
因此该 URL 将解析为您的 render_react View 并尝试为您的 index.html 文件提供服务，因此它认为 MIME 类型为 text/html :
Refused to apply style from 'https://www.my_website_URL.com/static/css/main.ce8d6426.chunk.css' because its MIME type ('text/html') is not a supported stylesheet MIME type, and strict MIME checking is enabled.
如果您想匹配除以 static 开头的所有 URI，您可以在正则表达式中使用否定先行:
re_path(r"^(?!static)(?:.*)/?$", render_react),
为什么 Django 找不到你的静态文件 (settings.py)
在您的 settings.py 中，您将覆盖 STATIC_URL 设置，该设置将 Django 定向到您的静态文件 CDN:
STATIC_URL = '{}/{}/'.format(AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_URL, AWS_LOCATION)
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'
STATIC_URL = '/static/' # <------- REMOVE
此外，STATIC_URL 需要在前面加上 https:// 并使用 AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN(不是 AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_URL ):
STATIC_URL = f'https://{AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_URL}/{AWS_LOCATION}/'
为什么会收到 502 Bad Gateway 错误
您的 NGINX 和 Gunicorn 配置没有问题。您的 Django 应用程序可能无法正常启动，例如，由于配置错误:
查看日志:
journalctl -u gunicorn.service
运行简单的冒烟测试(是否打开？)也很有用:
./manage.py runserver
关于javascript - 如何通过 Django 正确地服务于我的 React 生产构建。当前配置存在 MIME 类型问题，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67271401/