wpf - 为什么这个数据模板在设计时不起作用？

Question

以下简单数据模板仅在运行时有效。在设计时它什么也不显示。为什么会这样？

<DataTemplate x:Key="SomeEnumDataTemplate">
    <ListBox Name="list" Width="20" IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True" SelectedIndex="{Binding Mode=OneWay, Converter={StaticResource EnumToIntConverter}}">
        <ListBox.Template>
            <ControlTemplate TargetType="ListBox">
                <ContentPresenter Content="{TemplateBinding SelectedItem}" />
            </ControlTemplate>
        </ListBox.Template>
        <Rectangle Height="10" Width="10" Fill="Red" />
        <Rectangle Height="10" Width="10" Fill="Green" />
        <Rectangle Height="10" Width="10" Fill="Yellow" />
    </ListBox>
</DataTemplate>

我在另一个 DataTemplate 中像这样使用它:

<HierarchicalDataTemplate x:Key="NodeDataTemplate" ItemsSource="{Binding Children}">
    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" ToolTip="{Binding Description}">            
        <ContentControl ContentTemplate="{StaticResource SomeEnumDataTemplate}" Content="{Binding Mode}" Margin="3,0,0,0" />
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" />
    </StackPanel>
</HierarchicalDataTemplate>

它再次在具有设计时数据的 UserControl 中使用:

<UserControl x:Class="MyProject.Views.MyView"
             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
             xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:ViewModels="clr-namespace:MyProject.ViewModels" mc:Ignorable="d" 
             d:DesignHeight="780" d:DesignWidth="400" d:DataContext="{x:Static ViewModels:SampleData.RootNode}">     
 <TreeView ItemsSource="{Binding}" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource NodeDataTemplate}">
     <TreeView.ItemContainerStyle>
      <Style TargetType="TreeViewItem">
       <Setter Property="IsExpanded" Value="True" />
   </Style>   
  </TreeView.ItemContainerStyle>
 </TreeView>
</UserControl>

Answer 1

您可以轻松创 build 计时数据:

1. 创建您的数据模型:

   public class Person
   {
       public string Name { get; set; }
   
       public int  Age { get; set; }
   }
   
   public class PersonCollection : List<Person>
   {
       public PersonCollection()
       {
   
       }
   }
   

2. 创建一个扩展名为 .xaml 的文件，其中包含:

DesignTimeTreeData.xaml

    <local:PersonCollection xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Test_TreeWithDesignData">
        <local:Person Name="Joan Solo" Age="32" />
        <local:Person Name="Amara Skywalker" Age="31" />
    </local:PersonCollection>

使用 d:DataContext 和 d:DesignData 来使用您在 DesignTimeTreeData.xaml 中指定的数据:

MainWindow.xaml

    <Window x:Class="Test_TreeWithDesignData.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
            xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
            xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Test_TreeWithDesignData"
            Title="MainWindow"
            Height="350"
            Width="525"
            mc:Ignorable="d">
        <Grid>
            <TreeView
                d:DataContext="{d:DesignData Source=./DesignTimeTreeData.xaml}"
                ItemsSource="{Binding}">
                <TreeView.Resources>
                    <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type local:Person}" >
                        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Height="25">
                            <Label Content="{Binding Name}"/>
                            <Label Content="{Binding Age}" Margin="3,0,0,0"/>
                        </StackPanel>
                    </DataTemplate>
                </TreeView.Resources>
            </TreeView>
        </Grid>
    </Window>

由于 Window.DataContext 属性通常设置为 ViewModel 并且 TreeView.DataContext 是它的集合，因此，要保持两个数据源都正常工作，您可以用 Grid 包围 TreeView，其中 DataContext 设置为 ViewModel收藏。

DummyViewModel.cs

    public class DummyViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
        {
            var handler = PropertyChanged;
            if (handler != null)
            {
                handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
            }
        }

        public PersonCollection Persons { get; set; }

        public DummyViewModel()
        {
            this.Persons = new PersonCollection();
        }
    }

MainWindow.xaml

    <Window x:Class="Test_TreeWithDesignData.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
            xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
            xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Test_TreeWithDesignData"
            Title="MainWindow"
            Height="350"
            Width="525"
            mc:Ignorable="d">
        <Window.DataContext>
            <local:DummyViewModel />
        </Window.DataContext>

        <Grid Name="RootGrid">
            <Grid Name="TreeGrid" DataContext="{Binding Persons}">
                <TreeView d:DataContext="{d:DesignData Source=./DesignTimeTreeData.xaml}"
                    ItemsSource="{Binding}">
                    <TreeView.Resources>
                        <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type local:Person}" >
                            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Height="25">
                                <Label Content="{Binding Name}"/>
                                <Label Content="{Binding Age}" Margin="3,0,0,0"/>
                            </StackPanel>
                        </DataTemplate>
                    </TreeView.Resources>
                </TreeView>
            </Grid>
        </Grid>
    </Window>

结果:

编辑

下一个问题是:如何在设计器中展开项目？

Person 将拥有一个人员集合:

public class Person
{
    public string Name { get; set; }

    public int  Age { get; set; }

    public PersonCollection Childs { get; set; }
}

设计时数据将有一个子数据

DesignTimeTreeData.xaml

    <local:PersonCollection xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Test_TreeWithDesignData">
        <local:Person Name="Joan Solo" Age="32" />
        <local:Person Name="Amara Skywalker" Age="31">
            <local:Person.Childs>
                <local:PersonCollection>
                    <local:Person Name="Han Skywalker" Age="10" />
                </local:PersonCollection>
            </local:Person.Childs>
        </local:Person>
    </local:PersonCollection>

树现在将有一个 HierarchicalDataTemplate:

<HierarchicalDataTemplate
    DataType="{x:Type local:Person}"
    ItemsSource="{Binding Childs}">
    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Height="25">
        <Label Content="{Binding Name}"/>
        <Label Content="{Binding Age}" Margin="3,0,0,0"/>
    </StackPanel>
</HierarchicalDataTemplate>

并且 TreeView 将绑定(bind)到 DesignerProperties.IsInDesignMode 以展开设计器中的项目:

<TreeView.ItemContainerStyle>
    <Style TargetType="TreeViewItem">
        <Style.Triggers>
            <DataTrigger
                    Binding="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=(pf:DesignerProperties.IsInDesignMode)}"
                    Value="true"
                    >
                <Setter Property="IsExpanded" Value="True" />
            </DataTrigger>
        </Style.Triggers>
    </Style>
</TreeView.ItemContainerStyle>

这是窗口的 xaml:

MainWindow.xaml

    <Window x:Class="Test_TreeWithDesignData.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
            xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
            xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Test_TreeWithDesignData"
            xmlns:pf="clr-namespace:System.ComponentModel;assembly=PresentationFramework"
            Title="MainWindow"
            Height="250"
            Width="325"
            mc:Ignorable="d"
            >
        <Window.DataContext>
            <local:DummyViewModel />
        </Window.DataContext>

        <Grid Name="RootGrid">

            <Grid Name="TreeGrid" DataContext="{Binding Persons}">
                <TreeView
                    d:DataContext="{d:DesignData Source=./DesignTimeTreeData.xaml}"
                    ItemsSource="{Binding}"
                    >
                    <TreeView.ItemContainerStyle>
                        <Style TargetType="TreeViewItem">
                            <Style.Triggers>
                                <DataTrigger
                                        Binding="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=(pf:DesignerProperties.IsInDesignMode)}"
                                        Value="true"
                                        >
                                    <Setter Property="IsExpanded" Value="True" />
                                </DataTrigger>
                            </Style.Triggers>
                        </Style>
                    </TreeView.ItemContainerStyle>
                    <TreeView.Resources>
                        <HierarchicalDataTemplate
                            DataType="{x:Type local:Person}"
                            ItemsSource="{Binding Childs}"
                            >
                            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Height="25">
                                <Label Content="{Binding Name}"/>
                                <Label Content="{Binding Age}" Margin="3,0,0,0"/>
                            </StackPanel>
                        </HierarchicalDataTemplate>
                    </TreeView.Resources>
                </TreeView>
            </Grid>
        </Grid>
    </Window>

这就是结果: