我有一串文本被分成短语,每个短语都用方括号括起来:
[pX textX/labelX] [pY textY/labelY] [pZ textZ/labelZ] [textA/labelA]
有时 block 不以 p 字符开头(如上面的最后一个)。
我的问题是我需要捕获每个 block 。在正常情况下这是可以的,但有时此输入格式错误,例如,某些 block 可能只有一个括号,或者没有。所以它可能看起来像这样:
[pX textX/labelX] pY textY/labelY] textZ/labelZ
但结果应该是这样的:
[pX textX/labelX] [pY textY/labelY] [textZ/labelZ]
问题不包括嵌套括号。在以前所未有的方式深入研究不同人的正则表达式解决方案(我是正则表达式的新手)并下载备忘单并获取正则表达式工具(Expresso)之后,我仍然不知道如何做到这一点。有任何想法吗?也许正则表达式不起作用。但这个问题如何解决呢?我想这不是一个非常独特的问题。
编辑
这是一个具体的例子:
$data= "[VP sysmH/VBD_MS3] [PP ll#/IN_DET Axryn/NNS_MP] ,/PUNC w#hm/CC_PRP_MP3] [NP AEDA'/NN] ,/PUNC [PP b#/IN m$Arkp/NN_FS] [NP >HyAnA/NN] ./PUNC";
这是来自 @FailedDev 的一个很棒的紧凑解决方案:
while ($data =~ m/(?:\[[^[]*?\]|[^[ ].*?\]|\[[^[ ]*)/g) { # matched text = $& }
但我认为需要补充两点来强调这个问题:
- 有些 block 根本没有括号
- 、/PUNC 和 w#hm/CC_PRP_MP3] 是需要分开的单独 block 。
但是,由于这种情况是固定的(即标点符号后跟右侧只有一个方括号的文本/标签模式),我将其硬编码到解决方案中,如下所示:
my @stuff;
while ($data =~ m/(?:\[[^[]*?\]|[^[ ].*?\]|\[[^[ ]*)/g) {
if($& =~ m/(^[\S]\/PUNC )(.*\])/) # match a "./PUNC" mark followed by a "phrase]"
{
@bits = split(/ /,$&); # split by space
push(@stuff, $bits[0]); # just grab the first chunk before space, a PUNC
push(@stuff, substr($&, 7)); # after that space is the other chunk
}
else { push(@stuff, $&); }
}
foreach(@stuff){ print $_; }
尝试我在编辑中添加的示例,除了一个问题之外,效果很好。最后一个 ./PUNC 被省略,所以输出是:
[VP sysmH/VBD_MS3]
[PP ll#/IN_DET Axryn/NNS_MP]
,/PUNC
w#hm/CC_PRP_MP3]
[NP AEDA'/NN]
,/PUNC
[PP b#/IN m/NN_FS]
[NP >HyAnA/NN]
如何保留最后一 block ?
最佳答案
你可以使用这个
/(?:\[[^[]*?]|[^[ ].*?]|\[[^[ ]*)/
假设你的字符串是这样的:
[pX textX/labelX] pY textY/labelY] pY textY/labelY] pY textY/labelY] [pY textY/labelY] [3940-823490-2 [30-94823049 [32904823498]
它不适用于以下示例:pY [[[textY/labelY]
Perl具体解决方案:
while ($subject =~ m/(?:\[[^[]*?\]|[^[ ].*?\]|\[[^[ ]*)/g) {
# matched text = $&
}
更新:
/(?:\[[^[]*?]|[^[ ].*?]|\[[^[ ]*|\s+[^[]+?(?:\s+|$))/
这适用于更新后的字符串,但如果需要,您应该修剪结果的空格。
更新:2
/(\[[^[]*?]|[^[ ].*?]|\[[^[ ]*|\s*[^[]+?(?:\s+|$))/
我建议提出一个不同的问题,因为您原来的问题与上一个问题完全不同。
"
( # Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference number 1
# Match either the regular expression below (attempting the next alternative only if this one fails)
\[ # Match the character “[” literally
[^[] # Match any character that is NOT a “[”
*? # Between zero and unlimited times, as few times as possible, expanding as needed (lazy)
] # Match the character “]” literally
| # Or match regular expression number 2 below (attempting the next alternative only if this one fails)
[^[ ] # Match a single character NOT present in the list “[ ”
. # Match any single character that is not a line break character
*? # Between zero and unlimited times, as few times as possible, expanding as needed (lazy)
] # Match the character “]” literally
| # Or match regular expression number 3 below (attempting the next alternative only if this one fails)
\[ # Match the character “[” literally
[^[ ] # Match a single character NOT present in the list “[ ”
* # Between zero and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy)
| # Or match regular expression number 4 below (the entire group fails if this one fails to match)
\s # Match a single character that is a “whitespace character” (spaces, tabs, line breaks, etc.)
* # Between zero and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy)
[^[] # Match any character that is NOT a “[”
+? # Between one and unlimited times, as few times as possible, expanding as needed (lazy)
(?: # Match the regular expression below
# Match either the regular expression below (attempting the next alternative only if this one fails)
\s # Match a single character that is a “whitespace character” (spaces, tabs, line breaks, etc.)
+ # Between one and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy)
| # Or match regular expression number 2 below (the entire group fails if this one fails to match)
$ # Assert position at the end of the string (or before the line break at the end of the string, if any)
)
)
"
关于regex - perl 解析格式错误的括号文本,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8188075/