java - Spring Autowiring 问题

Question

我正在运行单元测试并使用服务类来执行一些业务逻辑。但是，单元测试失败，表明服务类为 null，尽管为其设置了 Autorwire 注释。

下面是我的单元测试:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/FreedomSpring-servlet.xml" })
public class UserControllerTest
{
    private UserController controller;

    @Inject
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    private String jsonUser = "{ \"username\":\"jonneymendoza\",\"emailAddress\":\"<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="066c696846616969616a632865696b" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">[email protected]</a>\", \"password\":\"12345678\",\"firstName\":\"jono\", \"surname\":\"richy\", \"country\":\"united kingdom\",\"bio\":\"Bio stuff goes here about the user. where he comes from etc etc. all is well. lets go go go\" }";

    @Before
    public void setup()
    {
        controller = new UserController();

        assertNotNull(applicationContext);
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreateNewAccount()
    {
        ResponseEntity<String> response = controller
                                          .createNewAccount(new HttpEntity<String>(jsonUser));
        assertEquals(HttpStatus.CREATED, response.getStatusCode());
    }
}

这是我正在测试的 Controller

@Controller
public class UserController
{
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.PUT, consumes = "application/json")
    public ResponseEntity<String>createNewAccount(HttpEntity<String>request)
    {
        userService.registerNewUser( JSONObject.fromObject(request.getBody())); //fails here

        return new ResponseEntity<String>(null, responseHeaders, HttpStatus.CREATED);
    }
}

服务类别:

@Service("UserService")
@Transactional
public class UserService implements UserServiceInterface
{
    @Override
    public void registerNewUser(JSONObject user) throws InvalidDataException, JSONException
    {
        // parse json object to a User object
        User newUser = parseJsonObject(user);

        UserDao userDao = new UserDao();

        userDao.addNewUser(newUser);
    }
}

我的service-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config />

    <!-- Define services here -->

    <bean id="UserService" class="com.jr.freedom.user.UserService"></bean>
</beans>

我的servlet:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans      
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">

    <bean id="propertyConfigurer"
        class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations">
            <list>
                <value>database.properties</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <import resource="mvc-config.xml" />

    <import resource="service-config.xml" />

    <import resource="classpath:datasource-config.xml" />

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />

    <!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources 
        in the /WEB-INF/views directory -->
    <bean id="viewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.jr.freedom.controllers"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

最后我收到了错误

java.lang.NullPointerException
    at com.jr.freedom.controllers.UserController.createNewAccount(UserController.java:56)
    at com.jr.freedom.controllers.UserControllerTest.testCreateNewAccount(UserControllerTest.java:51)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

Answer 1

您需要注入(inject)(使用一些注释)或从 applicationContext 检索 userController ，以便 Spring 魔法(即您的情况下的注入(inject)或 userService )起作用。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/FreedomSpring-servlet.xml" })
public class UserControllerTest {

@Autowired
private UserController userController;

@Inject
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

private String jsonUser = "{ \"username\":\"jonneymendoza\",\"emailAddress\":\"<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="deb4b1b09eb9b1b1b9b2bbf0bdb1b3" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">[email protected]</a>\", \"password\":\"12345678\",\"firstName\":\"jono\", \"surname\":\"richy\", \"country\":\"united kingdom\",\"bio\":\"Bio stuff goes here about the user. where he comes from etc etc. all is well. lets go go go\" }";

@Before
public void setup() {
    assertNotNull(applicationContext);
    assertNotNull(userController);

}