java - Spring WebFlux WebClient - 如何解决 400 错误请求

Question

我是响应式(Reactive)编程的新手，我正在使用 Spring WebFlux 的 WebClient 向以下 URL 发出 POST 请求，作为我的 Spring Boot 应用程序的一部分，以便将现有测验分配给候选人。我无法理解我在构建 WebClient 请求时做错了什么。

终点

https://www.flexiquiz.com/api/v1/users/{user_id}/quizzes

在我的请求正文中，我需要传递从另一个 API 获得的测验 ID(工作正常)。

{
   "quiz_id": ""
}

除了传递请求正文外，我还将 X-API-KEY 作为请求 header 的一部分传递。

但是，当我尝试到达终点时，出现了一个{"message":"400: Bad Request"}错误。

下面是我的代码。

QuizRequest.java

@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
@Data
public class QuizRequest {

  @JsonProperty("quiz_id")
  @NotBlank
  private String quizId;

  public QuizRequest(@NotBlank String quizId) {
    this.quizId = quizId;
  }
}

FlexiQuizClient.java

@Service
@Slf4j
public class FlexiQuizClient {

  private static final String USER_AGENT = "WebClient for FlexiQuiz";

  private final WebClient webClient;

  @Value("${flexiquiz.baseurl}")
  private String FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL;

  @Value("${flexiquiz.key}")
  private String FLEXIQUIZ_API_KEY;

  @Autowired
  public FlexiQuizClient() {
    this.webClient = WebClient.builder()
        .baseUrl(FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL)
        .defaultHeader(HttpHeaders.USER_AGENT, USER_AGENT)
        .filter(logRequest())
        .build();
  }

  public String assignQuizToCandidate(String userId, QuizRequest quizRequest) {
    return Objects.requireNonNull(webClient.post()
        .uri(FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL + "/v1/users/" + userId + "/quizzes")
        .header("X-API-KEY", FLEXIQUIZ_API_KEY)
        .body(Mono.just(quizRequest), QuizRequest.class)
        .exchange()
        .block())
        .bodyToMono(String.class)
        .block();
  }

  private ExchangeFilterFunction logRequest() {
    return (clientRequest, next) -> {
      log.info("Request: {} {}", clientRequest.method(), clientRequest.url());
      clientRequest.headers()
          .forEach((name, values) -> values.forEach(value -> log.info("{}={}", name, value)));
      return next.exchange(clientRequest);
    };
  }
}

在我的资源类( Controller )中，我正在调用 Web 客户端方法，如下所示:

ResponseResource.java

private String assignQuizToCandidate(String userId, QuizRequest quizRequest)
      throws ParseException {
    log.info("Assigning a quiz based on your skill");
    String message = quizClient.assignQuizToCandidate(userId, quizRequest);
    log.info("message from status: " + message);
    JSONParser parser = new JSONParser();
    JSONObject json = (JSONObject) parser.parse(message);
    return (String) json.get("message");
}

在另一个方法中，我调用上面的方法，如下所示。

QuizRequest quizRequest = new QuizRequest(openQuiz.get().getQuizId());
String status = assignQuizToCandidate(userId, quizRequest);

下面是日志:

2020-05-17 10:20:09.938 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider   : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Channel acquired, now 1 active connections and 0 inactive connections
2020-05-17 10:20:09.938 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.netty.http.client.HttpClientConnect    : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Handler is being applied: {uri=https://www.flexiquiz.com/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, method=POST}
2020-05-17 10:20:09.939 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider   : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [request_prepared])
2020-05-17 10:20:09.939 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] o.s.http.codec.json.Jackson2JsonEncoder  : [1bbedd72] Encoding [QuizRequest(quizId={quizid})]
2020-05-17 10:20:09.941 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider   : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [request_sent])
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.http.client.HttpClientOperations     : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Received response (auto-read:false) : [Cache-Control=private, Content-Type=text/html; charset=utf-8, Server=Microsoft-IIS/10.0, Date=Sun, 17 May 2020 04:50:10 GMT, Content-Length=30]
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider   : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [response_received])
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] o.s.w.r.f.client.ExchangeFunctions       : [1bbedd72] Response 400 BAD_REQUEST
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.http.client.HttpClientOperations     : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Received last HTTP packet
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider   : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [response_completed])
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider   : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [disconnecting])
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider   : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Releasing channel
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider   : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Channel cleaned, now 0 active connections and 1 inactive connections
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] reactor.netty.channel.FluxReceive        : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Subscribing inbound receiver [pending: 1, cancelled:false, inboundDone: true]
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] o.s.core.codec.StringDecoder             : [1bbedd72] Decoded "{"message":"400: Bad Request"}"
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190  INFO 32600 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] i.d.ivrauto.resource.ResponseResource    : message from status: {"message":"400: Bad Request"}
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190  INFO 32600 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] i.d.ivrauto.resource.ResponseResource    : json.get(message): 400: Bad Request
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190  INFO 32600 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] o.h.e.i.AbstractFlushingEventListener    : Processing flush-time cascades
2020-05-17 10:20:10.195 DEBUG 32600 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] o.h.e.i.AbstractFlushingEventListener    : Dirty checking collections

下面是我尝试访问的终点。

POST: /v1/users/{user_id}/quizzes

请求示例

$ curl https://www.flexiquiz.com/api/v1/users/06e3244f-1381-4da4-aa75-996981b42edb/quizzes 
-H "X-API-KEY: fcb5f59c-2a2f-44a9-8261-33cbfa97be99"
-d quiz_id="1153af46-9580-4672-af78-f23ce2577a14"

示例响应

{                             
    "message": "200: OK"
}

Answer 1

您的问题可能是您以错误的格式发送数据。您正在以 application/json 格式在正文中发布数据。

但如果您查看请求，它是使用 curl 中的 -d 标志发出的。

来自 curl 文档:

-d, --data

(HTTP) Sends the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server, in the same way that a browser does when a user has filled in an HTML form and presses the submit button. This will cause curl to pass the data to the server using the content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to -F, --form.

这基本上意味着您需要以 FORM 格式发送数据。

Webflux 文档说明了如何将数据作为表单请求发送。

Webflux Send FormData

所以你的代码应该看起来像(某种):

public QuizResponse assignQuizToCandidate(String userId, String quizId) {

    final MultiValueMap<String, String> formData = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
    formData.add("quiz_id", quizId);

    return webClient.post()
        .uri(FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL + "/v1/users/" + userId + "/quizzes")
        .header("X-API-KEY", FLEXIQUIZ_API_KEY)
        .bodyValue(formData)
        .retrive()
        .bodyToMono(QuizResponse.class)
        .block();
}