您好,在此先感谢您提供的帮助或指导。这是我的爬虫:
import scrapy
class RakutenSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "rak"
allowed_domains = ["rakuten.com"]
start_urls = ['https://www.rakuten.com/deals?omadtrack=hp_deals_viewmore']
def parse(self, response):
for sel in response.xpath('//div[@class="page-bottom"]/div'):
yield {
'titles': sel.xpath("//div[@class='slider-prod-title']").extract_first(),
'prices': sel.xpath("//span[@class='price-bold']").extract_first(),
'images': sel.xpath("//div[@class='deal-img']/img").extract_first()
}
这是我的settings.py的一部分
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36'
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 1
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 5
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = 'False'
这是日志的一部分:
DEBUG: Crawled (403) <GET https://www.rakuten.com/deals?omadtrack=hp_deals_viewmore> (referer: None)
我已经尝试了我在s/o中找到的几乎所有解决方案
日志文件:这是安装 Firefox 驱动程序后的新日志。现在我得到一个错误:下载错误 https://www.rakuten.com/deals?omadtrack=hp_deals_viewmore>
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.4.0 started (bot: scrapybot)
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Overridden settings: {'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'deals.spiders', 'CONCURRENT_REQUESTS': 1, 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['deals.spiders'], 'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36', 'TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED': False, 'DOWNLOAD_DELAY': 5}
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [py.warnings] WARNING: :0: UserWarning: You do not have a working installation of the service_identity module: 'No module named cryptography.x509'. Please install it from <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/service_identity> and make sure all of its dependencies are satisfied. Without the service_identity module and a recent enough pyOpenSSL to support it, Twisted can perform only rudimentary TLS client hostname verification. Many valid certificate/hostname mappings may be rejected.
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.feedexport.FeedExporter',
'scrapy.extensions.memusage.MemoryUsage',
'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats',
'scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats']
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['deals.middlewares.JSMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.core.scraper] ERROR: Error downloading <GET https://www.rakuten.com/deals?omadtrack=hp_deals_viewmore>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/internet/defer.py", line 1128, in _inlineCallbacks
result = g.send(result)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/scrapy/core/downloader/middleware.py", line 37, in process_request
response = yield method(request=request, spider=spider)
File "/home/seealldeals/tmp/scrapy/deals/deals/middlewares.py", line 63, in process_request
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py", line 144, in __init__
self.service.start()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 74, in start
stdout=self.log_file, stderr=self.log_file)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 710, in __init__
errread, errwrite)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1327, in _execute_child
raise child_exception
OSError: [Errno 8] Exec format error
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/exception_count': 1,
'downloader/exception_type_count/exceptions.OSError': 1,
'finish_reason': 'finished',
'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 17, 5, 38, 45, 328366),
'log_count/ERROR': 1,
'log_count/INFO': 7,
'log_count/WARNING': 1,
'memusage/max': 33509376,
'memusage/startup': 33509376,
'scheduler/dequeued': 1,
'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,
'scheduler/enqueued': 1,
'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,
'start_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 17, 5, 38, 45, 112667)}
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
最佳答案
怎么了
rakuten.com
已与具有反蜘蛛功能的Google Analytics
集成。- 如果您的请求无法正确处理
rakuten.com
的analytics.js
,您将被阻止访问该网站并获得403
错误代码。
如何修复
Use Javascript rendering technique
解决方案 1:(将 scrapy 与 scrapy-splash 集成)
- Here is Scrapy-splash github repository
从 pypi 安装 scrapy-splash:
pip install scrapy-splash
- Install Docker to your machine
运行一个 scrapy-splash 容器:
docker run -p 8050:8050 scrapinghub/splash
将以下行添加到您的
settings.py
SPLASH_URL = 'http://192.168.59.103:8050'
将启动下载中间件附加到您的
settings.py
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'scrapy_splash.SplashCookiesMiddleware': 723, 'scrapy_splash.SplashMiddleware': 725, 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 810, }
将您的蜘蛛代码更改为
import scrapy from scrapy_splash import SplashRequest class RakutenSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = "rak" allowed_domains = ["rakuten.com"] start_urls = ['https://www.rakuten.com/deals?omadtrack=hp_deals_viewmore'] def start_requests(self): for url in self.start_urls: yield SplashRequest(url, self.parse, args={'wait': 0.5}) def parse(self, response): for sel in response.xpath('//div[@class="page-bottom"]/div'): yield { 'titles': sel.xpath("//div[@class='slider-prod-title']").extract_first(), 'prices': sel.xpath("//span[@class='price-bold']").extract_first(), 'images': sel.xpath("//div[@class='deal-img']/img").extract_first() }
解决方案 2:(将 scrapy 与 selenium webdriver 作为中间件集成)
- Selenium web driver python binding documentation
从 pypi 安装 Selenium:
pip install selenium
- 如果您想使用
Firefox
浏览器,请将 Firefox 的 Geckodriver 安装到您的PATH
。 - 如果您想使用
Chrome
浏览器,请将 Chrome 驱动程序安装到您的PATH
。 如果您想使用
PhantomJS
浏览器,请从Homebrew
安装phantomJS
。brew install phantomjs
将
JSmiddleware
类添加到您的middlewares.py
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse from selenium import webdriver class JSMiddleware(object): def process_request(self, request, spider): driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(request.url) body = driver.page_source return HtmlResponse(driver.current_url, body=body, encoding='utf-8', request=request)
将
selenium 下载中间件
附加到您的settings.py
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'youproject.middlewares.JSMiddleware': 200 }
使用您的原始蜘蛛代码
import scrapy class RakutenSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = "rak" allowed_domains = ["rakuten.com"] start_urls = ['https://www.rakuten.com/deals?omadtrack=hp_deals_viewmore'] def parse(self, response): for sel in response.xpath('//div[@class="page-bottom"]/div'): yield { 'titles': sel.xpath("//div[@class='slider-prod-title']").extract_first(), 'prices': sel.xpath("//span[@class='price-bold']").extract_first(), 'images': sel.xpath("//div[@class='deal-img']/img").extract_first() }
更多
- 如果你想使用
Chrome
浏览器的Headless
模式,check this tutorial
关于Scrapy: USER_AGENT 和 ROBOTSTXT_OBEY 设置正确,但我仍然得到错误 403,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47315699/