java - 如何避免回调中的内存泄漏？

Question

Effective Java 说:

A third common source of memory leaks is listeners and other callbacks. If you implement an API where clients register callbacks but don’t deregister them explicitly, they will accumulate unless you take some action. The best way to ensure that callbacks are garbage collected promptly is to store only weak references to them, for instance, by storing them only as keys in a WeakHashMap.

我是 Java 初学者。有人可以教我如何在回调中创建弱引用并告诉我他们如何解决内存泄漏问题吗？谢谢。

Answer 1

阅读 this文章

关键要点是:

You can think of direct references as strong references that require no extra coding to create or access the object. The remaining three types of references are subclasses of the Reference class found in the java.lang.ref package. Soft references are provided by the SoftReference class, weak references by the WeakReference class, and phantom references by PhantomReference.

Soft references act like a data cache. When system memory is low, the garbage collector can arbitrarily free an object whose only reference is a soft reference. In other words, if there are no strong references to an object, that object is a candidate for release. The garbage collector is required to release any soft references before throwing an OutOfMemoryException.

Weak references are weaker than soft references. If the only references to an object are weak references, the garbage collector can reclaim the memory used by an object at any time. There is no requirement for a low memory situation. Typically, memory used by the object is reclaimed in the next pass of the garbage collector.

Phantom references relate to cleanup tasks. They offer a notification immediately before the garbage collector performs the finalization process and frees an object. Consider it a way to do cleanup tasks within an object.

之后是 WeakListModel 列表，我不会发布该列表以避免困惑此响应。