spring-boot - 有没有办法在 WebMvcTest 中包含一个 Spring 组件

Question

给定生产代码类:

@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class MyController {

    private final MyValidator validator;

    // annotations relating to request mapping excluded for brevity 
    public void test(@Valid @RequestBody final MyParams params) {
        // do stuff
    }

    @InitBinder
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    protected void initBinder(final WebDataBinder binder) {
        binder.setValidator(validator);
    }
}

和

@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class MyValidator implements Validator {

    ...

    @Override
    public void validate(final Object target, final Errors errors) {
        // custom validation
    }
}

最后是测试代码:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(MyController.class)
public class MyControllerTest {
    // tests
}

我遇到错误:

NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'MyValidator' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}

我认为这个错误是合理的。我已将该测试注释为 WebMvcTest，我认为它已排除 @Component bean。这是有意的和需要的(从我只想测试“网络层”而不是整个上下文的角度来看 - 恰好我需要一个仅在 Controller 中相关/使用的组件)

因此，我的问题是:如何在 Web 测试的测试上下文中显式包含验证器等组件？

我的环境是 java version "10.0.2"2018-07-17，spring boot 1.5.16.RELEASE。

Answer 1

web层有两种测试方式

首先。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MyControllerTest {
  @Autowired
  private MyController myController;
}

The @SpringBootTest annotation tells Spring Boot to go and look for a main configuration class (one with @SpringBootApplication for instance), and use that to start a Spring application context.

A nice feature of the Spring Test support is that the application context is cached in between tests, so if you have multiple methods in a test case, or multiple test cases with the same configuration, they only incur the cost of starting the application once. You can control the cache using the @DirtiesContext annotation.

其次，如果你想使用@WebMvcTest(MyController.class)

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(MyController.class)
public class MyControllerTest {

  @MockBean
  private MyValidator validator;

}

但是这个验证器是假的，所以你必须定制它来测试。

有关详细信息，请参阅此链接 https://spring.io/guides/gs/testing-web/