ruby-on-rails - 当返回的消息为 'expect to raise_error' 时，为什么此 rspec 'ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid' 失败

Question

以下 rspec 测试失败，但与失败测试一起提供的消息似乎是预期结果。

describe '#validate_maximum_pending_actions_not_been_reached' do
  let(:action) { build :action, status: 'pending' }
  before :each do
    10.times do
      create :action, status: 'pending'
    end
  end
  it 'does not save the 11th action' do
    expect(action.save).to raise_error #(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid,'Validation failed: maximum number of pending actions already reached')
  end
end


Failure/Error: let(:action) { build :action, status: 'pending' }
  ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid:
    Validation failed: maximum number of pending actions already reached

我已经尝试通过省略错误消息来降低具体性，并且只是期望测试会raise_error。测试仍然失败，但上面的描述表明确实出现了错误。

我做错了什么？

正在测试的方法如下:

validate :validate_maximum_pending_actions_not_been_reached
def validate_maximum_pending_actions_not_been_reached
  errors[:base] << "maximum number of pending actions already reached" unless Action.where(status: 'pending').size <= 10
end

Answer 1

您的规范应该在这样的 block 中。此外，您还可以使用错误类指定错误

  it 'does not save the 11th action' do
    expect{ action.save! }.to raise_error(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) #(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid,'Validation failed: maximum number of pending actions already reached')
  end