不确定为什么或如何开始发生这种情况，但突然间我在本地环境中运行良好的应用程序不再工作。
我的本地开发环境是:
MacOS 塞拉利昂 10.12.5
应用程序用途:
每当我运行 rails s 或 rails c 时，应用程序都会立即启动并崩溃，并显示以下输出:
➜ pwf-site git:(master) ✗ rails c
Traceback (most recent call last):
67: from bin/rails:4:in `<main>'
66: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `require'
65: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
64: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `block in require'
63: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:29:in `require'
62: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:20:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
61: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:65:in `register'
60: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
59: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require'
58: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<main>'
57: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/command.rb:46:in `invoke'
56: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/command/base.rb:65:in `perform'
55: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/thor-0.20.3/lib/thor.rb:387:in `dispatch'
54: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/thor-0.20.3/lib/thor/invocation.rb:126:in `invoke_command'
53: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/thor-0.20.3/lib/thor/command.rb:27:in `run'
52: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/commands/console/console_command.rb:95:in `perform'
51: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/command/actions.rb:18:in `require_application_and_environment!'
50: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application.rb:337:in `require_environment!'
49: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `require'
48: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
47: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `block in require'
46: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:29:in `require'
45: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:20:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
44: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:65:in `register'
43: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
42: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require'
41: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/config/environment.rb:5:in `<main>'
40: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application.rb:361:in `initialize!'
39: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:60:in `run_initializers'
38: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:205:in `tsort_each'
37: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:226:in `tsort_each'
36: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each_strongly_connected_component'
35: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:347:in `call'
34: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each'
33: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:349:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component'
32: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:431:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
31: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:350:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component'
30: from /Users/herbyraynaud/.rbenv/versions/2.5.0/lib/ruby/2.5.0/tsort.rb:228:in `block in tsort_each'
29: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:61:in `block in run_initializers'
28: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `run'
27: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `instance_exec'
26: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:130:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
25: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:10:in `execute'
24: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/file_update_checker.rb:83:in `execute'
23: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:30:in `block in updater'
22: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:20:in `reload!'
21: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:41:in `load_paths'
20: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:41:in `each'
19: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/railties-5.2.2/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:41:in `block in load_paths'
18: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:285:in `load'
17: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
16: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:285:in `block in load'
15: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:50:in `load'
14: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:50:in `load'
13: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/config/routes.rb:1:in `<main>'
12: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `require'
11: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
10: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `block in require'
9: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:29:in `require'
8: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:20:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
7: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:65:in `register'
6: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
5: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require'
4: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/sidekiq-5.2.5/lib/sidekiq/web.rb:13:in `<main>'
3: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `require'
2: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
1: from /Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.2/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `block in require'
/Users/herbyraynaud/code/personal/pwf-site/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.2/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:32:in `require': cannot load such file -- rack/protection (LoadError)
机架保护 gem 是 的一部分西纳特拉 所以我尝试添加 西纳特拉 到 Gemfile 以及进行正常的 gem 安装，但看起来这是一个红鲱鱼。
以下是我以各种组合和顺序尝试过的东西，没有任何接缝可以工作
有一些类似的问题表明问题出在 bootsnap gem 上，但他们证明是红鲱鱼删除了 gem 并在 boot.rb 文件中禁用 bootsnap 并没有解决问题。
最后，除了修复 sqlite3 版本问题之外，我还可以创建一个新的 Rails 应用程序，我可以毫无问题地运行服务器和控制台。
这让我相信问题一定是导致问题的一些 gem 依赖关系搞砸了。
这是一个完全令人头疼的问题。
这是我的 Gemfile
source 'https://rubygems.org'
ruby "2.5.0"
gem 'rails', '5.2.2'
gem 'bootsnap'
gem 'devise'
gem "simple_form"
gem 'simple_enum', git: 'git://github.com/lwe/simple_enum.git'
gem 'kaminari'
gem 'activerecord-import'
gem 'font-awesome-sass', '~> 5.2.0'
gem 'pg'
gem 'puma', '~> 3.7'
gem 'activeadmin'
gem 'activeadmin_blaze_theme'
gem 'inherited_resources'
gem 'stripe'
gem "aws-sdk-s3", require: false
gem "image_processing", "~> 1.2"
gem "prawn"#, :git => "git://github.com/prawnpdf/prawn.git"
gem 'prawn-table' #, '~> 0.1.0'
gem "bootstrap", ">= 4.3.1"
gem 'jquery-rails'
gem "chosen-rails"
gem 'rails-observers'
gem 'combine_pdf'
gem 'figaro'
gem 'exception_handler'
gem "chartkick"
gem 'activeadmin_medium_editor', git: "git://github.com/hraynaud/activeadmin_medium_editor.git"
gem 'sidekiq'
group :development, :test do
gem "better_errors"
gem "hirb"
gem 'rspec'
gem "rspec-rails"
gem 'factory_bot'
gem "factory_bot_rails"
gem "faker"
gem "populator"
gem "pry"
gem "pry-nav"
gem "fakeweb", git: "https://github.com/chrisk/fakeweb.git"
gem "letter_opener"
end
group :test do
gem 'capybara'
gem "guard-rspec"
gem "rspec-activemodel-mocks"
gem "database_cleaner"
gem "launchy"
gem 'simplecov', :require => false
gem 'selenium-webdriver'
gem 'chromedriver-helper'
end
最佳答案
我有一个类似的问题，这个解决方案解决了。
使用 rbenv 将 ruby 版本从 2.3.4 升级到 2.5.1。安装 bundler 1.17.3，运行 bundle install .一切都安装正确，但由于 bootsnap 缓存，我的 rails 控制台一直使用旧的 gems 集，不会加载新安装的 gems。
Rails c 启动成功但调用 require {gem_name}导致路径丢失错误(如下)。 Bundler 路径、gem env、gem 列表等，其他一切都是正确的。
[5] pry(main)> require 'simple_enum'
LoadError: cannot load such file -- simple_enum
from /Users/max/.rbenv/versions/2.5.1/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/bootsnap-1.3.0/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:32:in `require'
最后清除 tmp/cache 文件夹， bundle 更新的 bootstrap ，一切正常!
关于ruby-on-rails - Rails 服务器和 Rails 控制台因 : require': cannot load such file -- rack/protection (LoadError) 崩溃，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54965760/