Python Django - 在 View 之间保持用户登录 session

Question

我正在创建一种方法来登录用户。我构建了一个自定义表单和 View ，并让用户登录正常。但是，当我重定向到新页面时，当前的 request.user 会自动恢复为 AnonymousUser。我错过了什么？

log_in View 登录正常，我什至可以打印正确的 request.user。但是，一旦它重定向到 log_in_success 页面，它只会说 AnonymousUser 已登录!为什么没有在 View 之间保留登录用户？

def log_in(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = LogIn(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            email = form.cleaned_data.get("email")
            password = form.cleaned_data.get("password")
            user = authenticate(email=email, password=password)
            login(request, user)
            print request.user.email
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/log_in_success/')
    else:
        form = LogIn()
    return render(request, 'events/log_in.html', {'form':form})

def log_in_success(request):
    return HttpResponse("%s has logged in!" % request.user)

设置.py:

"""
Django settings for NHS project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.8.3.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/
"""

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
import os

#AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'events.Student'
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = ('events.backend.StudentBackend', )

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '=6b_2=!3s2hq3-nc@#rx6v=##u53xt!b=(#)c(2nk%&4qfpvy)'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'events',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'NHS.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'NHS.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
        'NAME': 'nhs',
        'USER': 'nhsadmin',
        'PASSWORD': '#cbwestnhs',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '',
    }
}


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

自定义身份验证后端:

from events.models import Student
from django.contrib.auth.hashers import check_password

class StudentBackend(object):

    def authenticate(self, email=None, password=None):
        stud = Student.objects.filter(email=email)
        if stud.exists():
            if check_password(password, stud[0].password):
                return stud[0]
        return None
    def get_user(self, email):
        stud = Student.objects.filter(email=email)
        if stud.exists():
            return stud[0]
        else:
            return None

表格.py:

from django import forms
from events.models import Student
from django.contrib.auth.hashers import check_password

class RegistrationForm(forms.ModelForm):
    """
    Form for registering a new account.
    """
    password1 = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput,
                                label="Password")
    password2 = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput,
                                label="Password (again)")
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = ('firstname', 'lastname', 'email', 'password1', 'password2', 'is_second_year')

    def clean(self):
        # Check that the two password entries match
        password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
        password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
        email = self.cleaned_data.get("email")
        if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
            raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
        if Student.objects.filter(email=email).exists():
            raise forms.ValidationError("This email has already been registered")
        return self.cleaned_data

    def save(self, commit=True):
        user = super(RegistrationForm, self).save(commit=False)
        user.set_password(self.cleaned_data['password1'])
        if commit:
            user.save()
        return user

class LogIn(forms.Form):
    email = forms.EmailField(label = "Email")
    password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput, label="Password")

    def clean(self):
        password = self.cleaned_data.get("password")
        email = self.cleaned_data.get("email")
        stud = Student.objects.filter(email=email)
        if (not (stud.exists())):
            raise forms.ValidationError("This email has not been registered")
        else:
            if check_password(password, stud[0].password):
                pass
            else:
                raise forms.ValidationError("Email and password combination do not match.")
        return self.cleaned_data

Answer 1

我会尝试重新排列 context_processors并将身份验证放在首位。如果这不起作用，您能否发布您的自定义身份验证后端？

设置.py:

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                # Put auth on top
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

此外，我将进行以下更改以稍微清理您的 View :

View .py:

from django.contrib import messages
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse

def log_in(request):
    form = LogIn(request.POST or None)

    if form.is_valid():
        email = form.cleaned_data['email']
        password = form.cleaned_data['password']
        user = authenticate(email=email, password=password)

        # May also help with your dilemma
        if user is not None:
            login(request, user)
            # Be sure to change this to the appropriate template name
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('template_name'))
        else:
            messages.warning(request, "Username or password is incorrect.")
    return render(request, 'events/log_in.html', {'form':form})

def log_in_success(request):
    # "{}".format(value) is a more reliable string substitution
    return HttpResponse("{} has logged in!".format(request.user))

- - - 编辑:

我会删除您的自定义后端并覆盖表单上的功能。它会为您省去很多麻烦。

class RegistrationForm(forms.ModelForm):
    password1 = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput(),
                                label="Password")
    password2 = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput(),
                                label="Password (again)")
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = ('firstname', 'lastname', 'email', 'password1', 'password2', 'is_second_year')

    def clean_password2(self):
        # Check that the two password entries match
        password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
        password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
        email = self.cleaned_data.get("email")
        if password1 and password2:
            if password1 != password2:
                raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
        return password2

    def clean_email(self):
        email = self.cleaned_data["email"]
        if email and Student.objects.filter(email=email):
            raise forms.ValidationError("This email has already been registered")
        return email


class LogIn(forms.Form):
    email = forms.EmailField(label="Email")
    password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput(), label="Password")