emacs - 如何安装 org-drill？

Question

我是 Emacs 新手，完成了 Emacs 和基本的 org-mode 教程。
现在我想安装 org-drill。以下是我在 Emacs 上安装 org-drill 的失败尝试。

来自 http://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/org-drill.html

Installation

The easiest way is to customise the variable 'org-modules' (M-x customize-variables RET org-modules) and make sure 'drill' is ticked.

我打开 spanish.org 文件并在 Emacs 中输入“Meta-x customize-variables”，回显区域显示:

M-x customize-variables [No match]

所以我尝试“Meta-x customize-variable”单数:

M-x customize-variable <RET> org-modules

自定义菜单对组织模块开放。
因此，“M-x customize-variables”末尾的“s”是说明中的错字，或者我做错了。

在自定义菜单中，我选中“钻取”并单击“应用并保存”按钮。

退出并重新启动 Emacs。

打开 spanish.org 文件。

在 Emacs 中输入“M-x org-drill”，回显区显示:

M-x org-drill-table-

为什么没有“org-drill”？
我输入:

M-x customize-variable <RET> org-modules

“钻头”仍处于选中状态。

所以我尝试了手动安装说明:

For manual installation, put the following in your .emacs. You will also need to make sure that Org's "contrib/lisp" directory is in the emacs load-path.

(require 'org-drill)

我从 http://orgmode.org/cgit.cgi/org-mode.git/tree/contrib/lisp/org-drill.el 下载了 org-drill.el
并将其复制到 ~/emacsLoad/org-drill.el，然后将这些行添加到我的 .emacs 文件中:

(add-to-list 'load-path "~/emacsLoad/")
(require 'org-drill)

重新启动 Emacs 和 *Warnings* 窗口显示:

Warning (initialization): An error occurred while loading `/home/wolfv/.emacs':

Symbol's function definition is void: copy-list

所以我用 `--debug-init' 选项启动 Emacs 来查看完整的错误回溯。
*Backtrace* 窗口显示:

Debugger entered--Lisp error: (void-function copy-list)
  copy-list((1 (quote org-drill-visible-cloze-face) nil))
  org-drill--compute-cloze-keywords()
  (defvar org-drill-cloze-keywords (org-drill--compute-cloze-keywords) nil)
  require(org-drill)
  eval-buffer(#<buffer  *load*> nil "/home/wolfv/.emacs" nil t)  ; Reading at buffer position 1727
  load-with-code-conversion("/home/wolfv/.emacs" "/home/wolfv/.emacs" t t)
  load("~/.emacs" t t)
  #[0 "\205\262

这是什么意思？我不知道 Lisp。

我输入:

M-x customize-variable <RET> org-modules

“钻头”不再被选中。

我难住了。如何在 Emacs 上安装 Drill-org？

我正在使用 GNU Emacs 24.5.1(x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu，GTK+ 版本 3.16.6)
2015 年 9 月 14 日在 buildvm-10.phx2.fedoraproject.org 上

这是我的 .emacs 文件:

;; load the built-in package manager
(require 'package)

;; add Emacs package repositories to the list of available repositories
(add-to-list 'package-archives '("org" . "http://orgmode.org/elpa/"))
(add-to-list 'package-archives '("melpa" . "http://melpa.org/packages/"))
(add-to-list 'package-archives '("melpa-stable" . "http://stable.melpa.org/packages/"))

(add-to-list 'load-path "~/emacsLoad/")

;; disable automatic package loading
(setq package-enable-at-startup nil)

;; from http://stackoverflow.com/a/10095853/580206 > RNA
(defun ensure-package-installed (&rest packages)
  "Assure every package is installed, ask for installation if it’s not.

Return a list of installed packages or nil for every skipped package."
  (mapcar
   (lambda (package)
     (if (package-installed-p package)
     nil
       (if (y-or-n-p (format "Package %s is missing. Install it? " package))
       (package-install package)
     package)))
   packages))

;; make sure to have downloaded archive description
(or (file-exists-p package-user-dir)
    (package-refresh-contents))

;; load installed packages
(package-initialize)

;; make sure these packages are installed
(ensure-package-installed 'evil)
;;(ensure-package-installed 'evil 'org-drill)

;; load the package into memory and call the main mode function
(require 'evil)
(evil-mode t)

(require 'org-drill)
;;(org-drill t)

;; display cursor's (row,col) position in mode line
(setq column-number-mode t)

(custom-set-variables
 ;; custom-set-variables was added by Custom.
 ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
 ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
 ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
 '(org-modules
   (quote
    (org-bbdb org-bibtex org-docview org-gnus org-info org-irc org-mhe org-rmail org-w3m org-drill))))
(custom-set-faces
 ;; custom-set-faces was added by Custom.
 ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
 ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
 ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
 )

Answer 1

我对 Emacs 或 Org Mode(或 Elisp)几乎一无所知，但这就是我让它工作的方式。

首先，当 Emacs 说 (void-function xxx)在回溯中，这意味着 xxx尚未定义。经过多次谷歌搜索，我发现 copy-list在一个名为 cl 的模块中定义，需要加载。
org-drill.el实际上在顶部有这种依赖关系:

(eval-when-compile (require 'cl))

所以我不知道为什么这不起作用。不过值得庆幸的是，我们可以自己加载它。

Org Drill 有很多其他依赖项，因此您不想自己管理它们。添加组织模式的 elpa repository ，然后安装org-plus-contrib包，其中包括 Org Drill。

在您的.emacs 内/.emacs.d/init.el ，在顶部，添加

(package-initialize)

这将加载您已安装的所有 elpa 软件包。通常，Emacs 会在 init.el 之后加载 elpa 包。但我们想从 org-plus-contrib 加载内容包裹。

在此之后，您可以加载 cl和 org-drill :

(require 'cl)
(require 'org-drill)

引用文献

Loading all elpa packages