Spring 测试要连接数据库

Question

我正在尝试为我的应用程序编写一些测试并遇到以下问题:
我定义了一个带有以下内容的 application-test.yml:

server:
  port: 8085

spring:
    security:
        oauth2:
            resourceserver:
                jwt:
                    # change localhost:8081 with container name
                    issuer-uri: http://localhost:8081/auth/realms/drivingschool
                    jwk-set-uri: http://localhost:8081/auth/realms/drivingschool/protocol/openid-connect/certs

keycloak:
    realm: drivingschool
    auth-server-url: http://localhost:8081/auth
    ssl-required: external
    resource: client-interface
    use-resource-role-mappings: true
    credentials:
        secret: xxx
    bearer-only: true

我的测试类:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@ActiveProfiles("test")
public class StudentControllerTests {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private StudentService service;

    @MockBean
    private StudentRepository repository;

    @Test
    public void contextLoads(){}
//more tests
}

测试全部通过绿色但我可以看到日志中的绿色，我的应用程序尝试连接到我的(基本)application.yml 中配置的数据库。

ava.sql.SQLNonTransientConnectionException: Could not connect to address=(host=localhost)(port=9005)(type=master) : Socket fail to connect to host:localhost, port:9005. Verbindungsaufbau abgelehnt (Connection refused)
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:73) ~[mariadb-java-client-2.6.1.jar:na]
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.create(ExceptionFactory.java:192) ~[mariadb-java-client-2.6.1.jar:na]

jpa:
      database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.MariaDBDialect
      hibernate:
        use-new-id-generator-mappings: false
        ddl-auto: create

    datasource:
      url: jdbc:mariadb://localhost:9005/waterloo
      username: waterloo
      password: xxx
      driver-class-name: org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver

创建 application-prod.yml 并将所有内容从 application.yml 移动到 application-prod.yml 时，它告诉我必须配置数据源 URL

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaConfiguration': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/jdbc/DataSourceConfiguration$Hikari.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource]: Factory method 'dataSource' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties$DataSourceBeanCreationException: Failed to determine a suitable driver class

我有以下问题:

application.yml 文件是否分层(*-test.yml 设置在 application.yml 之上)？

当我没有在 application-test.yml 上设置数据源并在测试中模拟存储库时，为什么 Spring 会尝试建立到我的数据库的连接？

Spring在这部分尝试建立连接正常吗？
3.1)如果不是:我如何防止它这样做？

谢谢和亲切的问候!

Answer 1

Failed to determine a suitable driver class

您需要将 mariadb 驱动程序依赖项添加到您的 gradle 或 maven 文件中。
https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mariadb.jdbc/mariadb-java-client/2.6.2
确保依赖范围适合测试
如果您已经拥有但仍然无法正常工作，请尝试清理并重建您的项目。
你的问题:

Do the application.yml files get layered (*-test.yml settings on top of application.yml)?

如果您添加 @ActiveProfiles("test")给你 TestClass Spring 将尝试找到一个 application-test.yml 并使用给定的属性覆盖 application.yml 属性

Why does Spring try to build a connection to my database when I am not setting a datasource on my application-test.yml AND mocking the repository on the test?

这就是 spring boot 的神奇之处——它对所有东西都有默认配置。您只需要设置 Datasource 属性，它就会自行创建 bean。

Is it normal that Spring trys to establish a connection at this part? 3.1) If not: How to i prevent it from doing so?

您正在使用 @SpringBootTest Annotation 启动整个 spring 上下文。
因此它将启动所有存储库并尝试建立与数据库的连接。如果你不想让 spring 启动数据库层，你可以使用 @WebMvcTest
例如:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest
@ActiveProfiles("test")
public class StudentControllerTests {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void contextLoads(){}

    //more tests
}

看看这个:https://spring.io/guides/gs/testing-web/
如果您需要启动整个 SpringContext，您还可以使用以下命令禁用 Spring Data AutoConfiguration:

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {
    DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, 
    DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration.class, 
    HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class
})

看看这个:https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-disable-auto-config