我有一个在 centos 7 上运行的 Varnish 。
我的网站适用于 Drupal。
Varnish 可以完美运行，但浏览器也会缓存内容，这会影响用户看到的内容。
将帖子添加到站点 Varnish 时会重置缓存，但浏览器缓存会显示旧的缓存数据。
如何在浏览器上禁用缓存以使其影响 Varnish 。
我的默认.vcl:
# This is a basic VCL configuration file for varnish. See the vcl(7)
# man page for details on VCL syntax and semantics.
#
# Default backend definition. Set this to point to your content
# server.
#
backend default {
.host = "mysite.com";
.port = "6060";
.connect_timeout = 3600s;
.first_byte_timeout = 3600s;
.between_bytes_timeout = 3600s;
}
#
# Below is a commented-out copy of the default VCL logic. If you
# redefine any of these subroutines, the built-in logic will be
# appended to your code.
#
sub vcl_recv {
# Add a unique header containing the client address
remove req.http.X-Forwarded-For;
set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip;
# set the custom header
if (req.http.Cookie ~ "ABtesting=B") {
set req.http.X-ABtesting = "B";
} else {
set req.http.X-ABtesting = "A";
}
# do this only once per request
if (req.restarts == 0) {
# normalize Accept-Encoding to reduce vary
if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) {
if (req.http.User-Agent ~ "MSIE 6") {
unset req.http.Accept-Encoding;
} elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") {
set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip";
} elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") {
set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate";
} else {
unset req.http.Accept-Encoding;
}
}
}
if (req.http.User-Agent ~ "(Mobile|Android|iPhone|iPad)") {
set req.http.User-Agent = "mobile";
} else {
set req.http.User-Agent = "desktop";
}
if (req.request != "GET" &&
req.request != "HEAD" &&
req.request != "PUT" &&
req.request != "POST" &&
req.request != "TRACE" &&
req.request != "OPTIONS" &&
req.request != "DELETE") {
/* Non-RFC2616 or CONNECT which is weird. */
return (pipe);
}
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
/* We only deal with GET and HEAD by default */
return (pass);
}
// Remove has_js and Google Analytics __* cookies.
set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "(^|;\s*)(_[_a-z]+|has_js)=[^;]*", "");
// Remove a ";" prefix, if present.
set req.http.Cookie = regsub(req.http.Cookie, "^;\s*", "");
if (req.http.Authorization /*|| req.http.Cookie*/) {
/* Not cacheable by default */
return (pass);
}
return (lookup);
}
#
# sub vcl_pipe {
# # Note that only the first request to the backend will have
# # X-Forwarded-For set. If you use X-Forwarded-For and want to
# # have it set for all requests, make sure to have:
# # set bereq.http.connection = "close";
# # here. It is not set by default as it might break some broken web
# # applications, like IIS with NTLM authentication.
# return (pipe);
# }
#
# sub vcl_pass {
# return (pass);
# }
#
# sub vcl_hash {
# set req.hash += req.url;
# if (req.http.host) {
# set req.hash += req.http.host;
# } else {
# set req.hash += server.ip;
# }
# return (hash);
# }
#
# sub vcl_hit {
# if (!obj.cacheable) {
# return (pass);
# }
# return (deliver);
# }
#
# sub vcl_miss {
# return (fetch);
# }
#
sub vcl_fetch {
# vary on the custom header
if (beresp.http.Vary) {
set beresp.http.Vary = beresp.http.Vary ", X-ABtesting";
} else {
set beresp.http.Vary = "X-ABtesting";
}
if (!beresp.cacheable) {
return (pass);
}
if (beresp.http.Set-Cookie) {
return (pass);
}
return (deliver);
}
sub vcl_deliver {
if (resp.http.Vary) {
set resp.http.Vary = regsub(resp.http.Vary, "X-ABtesting", "Cookie");
}
return (deliver);
}
#
# sub vcl_error {
# set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8";
# synthetic {"
# <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
# <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
# "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
# <html>
# <head>
# <title>"} obj.status " " obj.response {"</title>
# </head>
# <body>
# <h1>Error "} obj.status " " obj.response {"</h1>
# <p>"} obj.response {"</p>
# <h3>Guru Meditation:</h3>
# <p>XID: "} req.xid {"</p>
# <hr>
# <p>Varnish cache server</p>
# </body>
# </html>
# "};
# return (deliver);
# }最佳答案
您正在寻找的是浏览器缓存和 Varnish 缓存的不同 TTL。
最简单的解决方案，如 here 所述将使用 s-maxage Cache-Control 内的指令，例如:
Cache-Control: s-maxage=31536000, max-age=300
其中 31536000 是 Varnish 缓存的秒数，300 是您希望资源在浏览器中缓存的秒数。
为什么这样有效是因为
s-maxage覆盖共享缓存(Varnish 是)的过期时间，而不适用于私有(private)缓存(浏览器是)。这是我认为最优雅的解决方案，但需要您调整后端应用程序。
this post 中概述了另一种解决方案。并且可以通过仅调整您的 VCL 来完成:
sub vcl_fetch {
if (beresp.ttl > 0s) {
/* Remove Expires from backend, it's not long enough */
unset beresp.http.expires;
/* Set the clients TTL on this object */
set beresp.http.cache-control = "max-age=900";
/* Set how long Varnish will keep it */
set beresp.ttl = 1w;
/* marker for vcl_deliver to reset Age: */
set beresp.http.magicmarker = "1";
}
}
sub vcl_deliver {
if (resp.http.magicmarker) {
/* Remove the magic marker */
unset resp.http.magicmarker;
/* By definition we have a fresh object */
set resp.http.age = "0";
}
}
关于browser - 在浏览器上禁用缓存而不在 Varnish 上禁用它，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48988162/