我正在尝试实现 thread2 应该首先完成,然后是 thread1,为此 O 正在使用 join()
方法。但是,如果我取消注释 thread1 类的 try block 中存在的 System.out.println()
。然后
代码给出空指针异常。为什么在 try block 中我需要添加行,添加行代码开始工作没有任何意义。
演示课
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread1 t1 = new Thread1();
Thread2 t2 = new Thread2();
t1.start();
t2.start();
System.out.println("main Thread");
Thread.sleep(10);
}
}
线程1类
public class Thread1 extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// System.out.println(); // on adding anyline, this whole code works!!, uncommenting this line of code give NPE
Thread2.fetcher.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println("in thread1 class, Thread-1 ");
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
线程2类
public class Thread2 extends Thread {
static Thread fetcher;
@Override
public void run() {
fetcher= Thread.currentThread(); // got the thread2
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println("in thread2 class, Thread-2");
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
程序的输出
in thread2 class Thread-2
Exception in thread "Thread-0" java.lang.NullPointerException
at org.tryout.Thread1.run(Thread1.java:22)
in thread2 class Thread-2
in thread2 class Thread-2
in thread2 class Thread-2
in thread2 class Thread-2
最佳答案
它纯粹是靠“纯粹的运气”
System.out.println();
内部调用 synchronized
,它作为延迟工作,为 Thread 2
其字段 fetcher
提供 足够 时间> 在:
fetcher= Thread.currentThread(); // got the thread2
为了避免这种race-condition,您需要确保 Thread 2
在 Thread 1 之前设置字段
访问它。为此,您可以使用 CyclicBarrier .fetcher
??A synchronization aid that allows a set of threads to all wait for each other to reach a common barrier point.** CyclicBarriers are useful in programs involving a fixed sized party of threads that must occasionally wait for each other. The barrier is called cyclic because it can be re-used after the waiting threads are released.
首先,为将要调用它的线程数创建一个屏障,即 2 个线程:
CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(2);
使用 CyclicBarrier,您可以强制 Thread 1
在访问其字段 fetcher
之前等待 Thread 2
:
try {
barrier.await(); // Let us wait for Thread 2.
Thread2.fetcher.join();
} catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {
// Do something
}
Thread 2
在设置 fetcher
字段后也会调用屏障,相应地:
fetcher = Thread.currentThread(); // got the thread2
try {
barrier.await();
} catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
一旦调用了屏障,两个线程就会继续工作。
一个例子:
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(2);
Thread1 t1 = new Thread1(barrier);
Thread2 t2 = new Thread2(barrier);
t1.start();
t2.start();
System.out.println("main Thread");
Thread.sleep(10);
}
}
public class Thread1 extends Thread {
final CyclicBarrier barrier;
public Thread1(CyclicBarrier barrier){
this.barrier = barrier;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
barrier.await();
Thread2.fetcher.join();
} catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {
// Do something
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println("in thread1 class, Thread-1 ");
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public class Thread2 extends Thread {
static Thread fetcher;
final CyclicBarrier barrier;
public Thread2(CyclicBarrier barrier){
this.barrier = barrier;
}
@Override
public void run() {
fetcher = Thread.currentThread(); // got the thread2
try {
barrier.await();
} catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println("in thread2 class, Thread-2");
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
如果您的代码不是用于教育目的,并且您不会被迫使用任何特定的同步机制来进行学习。在当前上下文中,您可以简单地将 thread 2
作为 thread 1
的参数传递,然后直接在其上调用 join,如下所示:
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread2 t2 = new Thread2();
Thread1 t1 = new Thread1(t2);
t1.start();
t2.start();
System.out.println("main Thread");
Thread.sleep(10);
}
}
public class Thread1 extends Thread {
final Thread thread2;
public Thread1(Thread thread2){
this.thread2 = thread2;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
thread2.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println("in thread1 class, Thread-1 ");
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public class Thread2 extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println("in thread2 class, Thread-2");
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
关于java - 线程的意外行为,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66589095/