如何编写以下函数以不仅接受Path
,还接受String
或&str
?
fn find_database1<'a>(path: &'a Path) -> Option<&'a Path> {
path.parent()
}
编写完上述函数后,我想将其转换为一种形式,不仅接受Path
,而且接受String
或&str
。我得到了以下两个版本,每个版本都不起作用。函数find_database3
旨在更好地了解原因,但不幸的是,我不明白为什么它不起作用。fn find_database2<'a, P>(path: P) -> Option<&'a Path>
where
P: 'a + AsRef<Path>,
{
path.as_ref().parent()
}
fn find_database3<'a, P>(path: P) -> Option<&'a Path>
where
P: 'a + AsRef<Path>,
{
let _path: &'a Path = path.as_ref();
_path.parent()
}
这些是我得到的错误:error[E0515]: cannot return value referencing function parameter `path`
--> src/main.rs:11:5
|
11 | path.as_ref().parent()
| ----^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
| |
| returns a value referencing data owned by the current function
| `path` is borrowed here
error[E0597]: `path` does not live long enough
--> src/main.rs:18:27
|
14 | fn find_database3<'a, P>(path: P) -> Option<&'a Path>
| -- lifetime `'a` defined here
...
18 | let _path: &'a Path = path.as_ref();
| -------- ^^^^ borrowed value does not live long enough
| |
| type annotation requires that `path` is borrowed for `'a`
19 | _path.parent()
20 | }
| - `path` dropped here while still borrowed
use std::path::Path;
fn main() {
let path_str: &str = "root/path";
let path_string: String = path_str.to_string();
let path_path: &Path = &Path::new(path_str);
let root = find_database1(path_path);
println!("{:?}", root);
find_database2(path_str);
find_database2(path_string);
let root = find_database2(path_path);
println!("{:?}", root);
}
Link to Playground
最佳答案
Path::parent
具有以下签名:
fn parent(&self) -> Option<&Path>;
因此,返回的结果将保留对调用方拥有的某些数据的引用。您不能在parent()
上调用String
,然后再删除String
,因为这会使parent()
返回的引用无效。如果您放宽了对String
的接受并改为接受&String
的要求,则可以使函数正常工作。例子:use std::path::Path;
// takes &str, &String, or &Path
fn find_database2<'a, P>(path: &'a P) -> Option<&'a Path>
where P: 'a + ?Sized + AsRef<Path>,
{
path.as_ref().parent()
}
fn main() {
let path_str: &str = "root/path";
let path_string: String = path_str.to_string();
let path_path: &Path = &Path::new(path_str);
find_database2(path_str); // &str
find_database2(&path_string); // &String
let root = find_database2(path_path); // &Path
println!("{:?}", root);
}
playground另一方面,如果您确实想接受
String
,则可以将Option<&Path>
转换为函数体内的Option<PathBuf>
。这是有效的,因为PathBuf
是Path
的拥有版本:use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
// takes &str, &String, String, &Path, or PathBuf
fn find_database2<'a, P>(path: P) -> Option<PathBuf>
where P: 'a + AsRef<Path>,
{
path.as_ref().parent().map(|path| {
let mut path_buf = PathBuf::new();
path_buf.push(path);
path_buf
})
}
fn main() {
let path_str: &str = "root/path";
let path_string: String = path_str.to_string();
let path_path: &Path = &Path::new(path_str);
find_database2(path_str); // &str
find_database2(&path_string); // &String
find_database2(path_string); // String
let root = find_database2(path_path); // &Path
println!("{:?}", root);
}
playground
关于generics - 重写一个函数以接受AsRef <Path>而不是&Path,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62603012/