r - 从源代码构建R包失败: Win10, RStudio

Question

在我的Windows计算机上，从源安装软件包对我而言失败。我卸载了RStudio，R并删除了rtools40文件夹，然后重新启动并重新安装了这些项目。我相信我已适当设定了路径。
这是我尝试使用here的一些故障排除帮助的代码:

#troubleshooting installation
pkgbuild::find_rtools()
pkgbuild::has_rtools(TRUE)
pkgbuild::check_rtools(TRUE)
pkgbuild::rtools_path()
pkgbuild::check_build_tools(TRUE)
pkgbuild::check_compiler(TRUE)
Sys.getenv("PATH")
Sys.getenv('BINPREF')
sessionInfo()

#Test installation from source via CRAN
pkgbuild::with_build_tools(install.packages("lme4", type = "source"))

这是输出:

Restarting R session...

> #troubleshooting installation
> pkgbuild::find_rtools()
[1] TRUE
> pkgbuild::has_rtools(TRUE)
[1] TRUE
> pkgbuild::check_rtools(TRUE)
[1] TRUE
> pkgbuild::rtools_path()
[1] "C:\\rtools40/usr/bin"
> pkgbuild::check_build_tools(TRUE)
Your system is ready to build packages!
> pkgbuild::check_compiler(TRUE)
Trying to compile a simple C file
Running "C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/x64/Rcmd.exe" SHLIB foo.c
Warning message:
In system(cmd) : 'make' not found
Error: Failed to compile C code
> Sys.getenv("PATH")
[1] "C:\\Program Files\\R\\R-4.0.3\\bin\\x64;C:\\rtools40\\bin;C:\\rtools40\\mingw64\\bin;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft SDKs\\Azure\\CLI2\\wbin;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files\\Oracle\\Java\\javapath;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\;C:\\Program Files\\Pandoc\\;C:\\Program Files\\Git\\cmd;C:\\Program Files\\dotnet\\;C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\130\\Tools\\Binn\\;C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\Client SDK\\ODBC\\170\\Tools\\Binn\\;C:\\Users\\nealm\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\WindowsApps;C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3;C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\Scripts;C:\\Users\\nealm\\.conda\\pkgs\\conda-4.7.5-py37_0\\Scripts;C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\Library\\bin;C:\\Users\\nealm\\AppData\\Local\\GitHubDesktop\\bin;C:\\Users\\nealm\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\WindowsApps;C:\\Users\\nealm\\AppData\\Roaming\\TinyTeX\\bin\\win32;"
> Sys.getenv('BINPREF')
[1] "C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/"
> sessionInfo()
R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 19041)

Matrix products: default

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_New Zealand.1252  LC_CTYPE=English_New Zealand.1252    LC_MONETARY=English_New Zealand.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                         LC_TIME=English_New Zealand.1252    

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] processx_3.4.5      compiler_4.0.3      assertthat_0.2.1    R6_2.5.0            cli_2.2.0           livecode_0.1.0.9000
 [7] prettyunits_1.1.1   tools_4.0.3         glue_1.4.2          rstudioapi_0.13     Rcpp_1.0.5          remotes_2.2.0      
[13] crayon_1.3.4        fansi_0.4.1         callr_3.5.1         ps_1.4.0            pkgbuild_1.1.0     
> 
> #Test installation from source via CRAN
> pkgbuild::with_build_tools(install.packages("lme4", type = "source"))
Installing package into ‘C:/Rpackages’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/lme4_1.1-26.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 3297635 bytes (3.1 MB)
downloaded 3.1 MB

* installing *source* package 'lme4' ...
** package 'lme4' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** libs

*** arch - i386
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include'        -O2 -Wall  -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c external.cpp -o external.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include'        -O2 -Wall  -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c glmFamily.cpp -o glmFamily.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include'        -O2 -Wall  -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c optimizer.cpp -o optimizer.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include'        -O2 -Wall  -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c predModule.cpp -o predModule.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11  -I"C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/include" -DNDEBUG -I. -DNDEBUG -DEIGEN_DONT_VECTORIZE -I'C:/Rpackages/Rcpp/include' -I'C:/Rpackages/RcppEigen/include'        -O2 -Wall  -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mstackrealign -c respModule.cpp -o respModule.o
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/g++ -std=gnu++11 -shared -s -static-libgcc -o lme4.dll tmp.def external.o glmFamily.o optimizer.o predModule.o respModule.o -LC:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/i386 -lR
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: skipping incompatible C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/i386/R.dll when searching for -lR
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: skipping incompatible C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-40~1.3/bin/i386/R.dll when searching for -lR
C:/rtools40/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lR
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
no DLL was created
ERROR: compilation failed for package 'lme4'
* removing 'C:/Rpackages/lme4'
* restoring previous 'C:/Rpackages/lme4'
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘lme4’ had non-zero exit status

The downloaded source packages are in
    ‘C:\Users\nealm\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpwPwykm\downloaded_packages’
>

该问题似乎不是特定于lme4包的。

Answer 1

这不是正确的答案，而是更多的解决方法。从源代码安装和构建的替代方法是安装预构建的二进制文件。如果一个不可用，则可以远程构建它。
在这种情况下，对于我感兴趣的软件包，github上的rundel/livecode，我:

fork 仓库(在本例中为rundel/livecode)

下载了tar.gz(未安装的remotes::install_github("markbneal/livecode"，但错误告诉您将.tar.gz文件保存在什么位置。

使用rhub来为Windows构建二进制软件包，请转到https://builder.r-hub.io/网站并上传tar.gz文件，确保rhub有我的电子邮件地址。 5分钟后，这封电子邮件通过电子邮件发送给我。

然后将通过电子邮件发送给我的zip中的livecode文件夹复制到“R包”文件夹位置。
软件包现在应该对您有用，在我的情况下为library(livecode)