r - 强制 R 始终在错误消息中显示包名称

Question

我有时会加载多个导出同名函数的包。例如，Hmisc 和 dplyr 都有 summarize功能，我有时会同时加载两个包。然后我调用summarize ，以为我调用dplyr::summarize当我真正调用 Hmisc::summarize .发生这种情况时，我会收到如下错误消息:

Error in summarize(., mean = mean(instRating)) : 
  argument "by" is missing, with no default

该消息最初很难理解，因为我的代码不包含任何错误。我花了一分钟才意识到我在错误的包中调用了一个函数。如果它的第一行包含相关包的名称，则错误消息将更容易理解:

Error in Hmisc::summarize(., mean = mean(instRating)) : 

有没有办法强制 R 在这些错误消息中显示包名？

我知道我可以通过输入 dplyr::summarize 来解决这个问题。或通过更改我加载包的顺序。但我的兴趣在于为 R 的错误消息添加细节。

Answer 1

来自基本选项的文档 error :

'error': either a function or an expression governing the handling of non-catastrophic errors such as those generated by 'stop' as well as by signals and internally detected errors. If the option is a function, a call to that function, with no arguments, is generated as the expression. By default the option is not set: see 'stop' for the behaviour in that case. The functions 'dump.frames' and 'recover' provide alternatives that allow post-mortem debugging. Note that these need to specified as e.g. 'options(error = utils::recover)' in startup files such as '.Rprofile'.

因此，应该可以定义一个函数，该函数返回抛出错误的函数所在的包的名称。例如:

library(dplyr)
library(Hmisc)
data(mtcars)

print_package <- function() {
    calls <- sys.calls()
    call <- calls[[length(calls) - 1]]
    fun.name <- as.character(call)[1]
    pkg.name <- sub("package:", "", getAnywhere(fun.name)$where[1], fixed = TRUE)
    message (paste0("In ", pkg.name))
}

options(error = print_package)

summarize(mtcars$mpg)

返回:

Error in summarize(mtcars$mpg) : 
  argument "by" is missing, with no default
In Hmisc

编辑(使用 rlang::trace_back )

事实证明，有一种更清洁的方法来做到这一点(归功于 Hadley Wickham 和他的“Advanced R, Second edition”):

library(dplyr)
library(Hmisc)
data(mtcars)

print_trace_back <- function() {
    print(rlang::trace_back(bottom = sys.frame(-1)))
}

options(error = print_trace_back)

似乎可以优雅地处理错误:

> summarize(mtcars$mpg)
Error in summarize(mtcars$mpg) : 
  argument "by" is missing, with no default
    █
 1. └─Hmisc::summarize(mtcars$mpg)
>
> Hmisc::summarize(mtcars$mpg)
Error in Hmisc::summarize(mtcars$mpg) : 
  argument "by" is missing, with no default
    █
 1. └─Hmisc::summarize(mtcars$mpg)
>
> summarize(mtcars$mpg, as.character(mtcars$apa), mean)
Error in tapply(X, INDEX, FUN, ..., simplify = simplify) : 
  arguments must have same length
    █
 1. └─Hmisc::summarize(mtcars$mpg, as.character(mtcars$apa), mean)
 2.   └─Hmisc::mApply(X, byc, FUN, ..., keepmatrix = nc > 1)
 3.     └─base::tapply(X, INDEX, FUN, ..., simplify = simplify)
 4.       └─base::stop("arguments must have same length")
>
> (function() stop("Error"))()
Error in (function() stop("Error"))() : Error
    █
 1. └─(function() stop("Error"))()
 2.   └─base::stop("Error")