powershell - 可变音译(powershell)

Question

有一个我无法快速解决的问题。
关键是要遍历两个带有字母的表中的所有匹配项。
例如我的脚本

function global:TranslitToLAT {
    param([string]$inString)
    $Translit_To_LAT = @{
        [char]'а' = "a"
        [char]'А' = "a"
        [char]'б' = "b"
        [char]'Б' = "b"
        [char]'в' = "v"
        [char]'В' = "v"
        [char]'г' = "g"
        [char]'Г' = "g"
        [char]'д' = "d"
        [char]'Д' = "d"
        [char]'е' = "e"
        [char]'Е' = "e"
        [char]'ё' = "e"
        [char]'Ё' = "e"
        [char]'ж' = "zh"
        [char]'Ж' = "zh"
        [char]'з' = "z"
        [char]'З' = "z"
        [char]'и' = "i"
        [char]'И' = "i"
        [char]'й' = "y"
        [char]'Й' = "y"
        [char]'к' = "k"
        [char]'К' = "k"
        [char]'л' = "l"
        [char]'Л' = "l"
        [char]'м' = "m"
        [char]'М' = "m"
        [char]'н' = "n"
        [char]'Н' = "n"
        [char]'о' = "o"
        [char]'О' = "o"
        [char]'п' = "p"
        [char]'П' = "p"
        [char]'р' = "r"
        [char]'Р' = "r"
        [char]'с' = "s"
        [char]'С' = "s"
        [char]'т' = "t"
        [char]'Т' = "t"
        [char]'у' = "u"
        [char]'У' = "u"
        [char]'ф' = "f"
        [char]'Ф' = "f"
        [char]'х' = "h"
        [char]'Х' = "h"
        [char]'ц' = "ts"
        [char]'Ц' = "ts"
        [char]'ч' = "ch"
        [char]'Ч' = "ch"
        [char]'ш' = "sh"
        [char]'Ш' = "sh"
        [char]'щ' = "sch"
        [char]'Щ' = "sch"
        [char]'ъ' = "" # "``"
        [char]'Ъ' = "" # "``"
        [char]'ы' = "y" # "y`"
        [char]'Ы' = "y" # "Y`"
        [char]'ь' = "" # "`"
        [char]'Ь' = "" # "`"
        [char]'э' = "e" # "e`"
        [char]'Э' = "e" # "E`"
        [char]'ю' = "yu"
        [char]'Ю' = "yu"
        [char]'я' = "ya"
        [char]'Я' = "ya"
        [char]' ' = "_"
    }
    $outChars = ""
    $TwoLetter_To_LAT = @{
        [string]'ъи' = 'yi'
        [string]'ьи' = 'yi'
        [string]'ье' = 'ye'
        [string]'ъe' = 'ye'
        [string]'ий' = 'ii'
        [string]'кс' = 'x'
        [string]'ц' = 'c'
    }

    $chars = $inString.ToCharArray();
    $outChars1 = $outChars
    foreach ($char in $chars) {
    $outChars1 += $Translit_To_LAT[$char]

    $outChars11 = Write-Output $outChars1 `n
    
    }
    
    

    $TwoLetter_To_LAT.GetEnumerator().name | % {
        $inString = $inString.Replace($_, $TwoLetter_To_LAT.Item($_))
    }
    $outChars2 = $outChars
    foreach ($c in $inChars = $inString.ToCharArray()) {
        if ($Translit_To_LAT[$c] -ne $Null )
        { $outChars2 += $Translit_To_LAT[$c] }
        else
        { $outChars2 += $c }
    $outChars22 = Write-Output $outChars2 `n
    }
    
    
    $outChars3 = $outChars11 + $outChars22

    Write-Output $outChars3
}

$text = Read-Host "Second name"
$log = TranslitToLAT $text | select $log > c:\users.txt
$log

它部分起作用。当用俄语输入姓氏时，第二个表中有两个匹配项，我从第一个表中和第二个表中得到了总数。我应该获得4个音译选项!
我将举一个如何使循环遍历整个表的示例感到满意。

Answer 1

改写一下，我认为您要问的问题是“给定源字符串$inString和替换列表$Translit_To_LAT，返回应用于源字符串的所有可能替换列表的列表”。
例如，假设您的示例Алексий将给出以下4种替换:

1. А-л-е-к-с-и-й -> a-l-e-k-s-i-y 
2. А-л-е-к-с-ий  -> a-l-e-k-s-ii
3. А-л-е-кс-и-й  -> a-l-e-x-i-y
4. А-л-е-кс-ий   -> a-l-e-x-ii

根据您的替代列表，有一些注意事项:

区分大小写，例如可能替换为不同的б和Б

某些替换文字在替换文字中包含多个字符-例如ж => "zh"

有些替代品有多个替代选项-例如ц => c和ts

一些替换匹配多个源字符-例如ъи => yi

有时，同一字符序列可能有多种替换方式-例如ий可以是两个单独的替换(“и => i和й => y)或单独的“复合”替换(ий => ii)

我已经将您的代码重写为递归函数，该函数基本上执行以下操作:

如果输入字符串为空，则只需返回一个空字符串

否则，枚举可以在字符串开头使用的所有替换，并将它们与字符串的尾部进行递归调用的结果“相乘”

这是代码:

function Get-Transliteration
{
    param(
        [string] $InputString
    )

    $lookups = [ordered] @{
        # single character substitutions
        # (we need to use the [char] cast to force case sensitivity for keys)
        [char] "а" = @( "a" )
        [char] "А" = @( "a" )
        [char] "б" = @( "b" )
        [char] "Б" = @( "b" )
        [char] "в" = @( "v" )
        [char] "В" = @( "v" )
        [char] "г" = @( "g" )
        [char] "Г" = @( "g" )
        [char] "д" = @( "d" )
        [char] "Д" = @( "d" )
        [char] "е" = @( "e" )
        [char] "Е" = @( "e" )
        [char] "ё" = @( "e" )
        [char] "Ё" = @( "e" )
        [char] "ж" = @( "zh" )
        [char] "Ж" = @( "zh" )
        [char] "з" = @( "z" )
        [char] "З" = @( "z" )
        [char] "и" = @( "i" )
        [char] "И" = @( "i" )
        [char] "й" = @( "y" )
        [char] "Й" = @( "y" )
        [char] "к" = @( "k" )
        [char] "К" = @( "k" )
        [char] "л" = @( "l" )
        [char] "Л" = @( "l" )
        [char] "м" = @( "m" )
        [char] "М" = @( "m" )
        [char] "н" = @( "n" )
        [char] "Н" = @( "n" )
        [char] "о" = @( "o" )
        [char] "О" = @( "o" )
        [char] "п" = @( "p" )
        [char] "П" = @( "p" )
        [char] "р" = @( "r" )
        [char] "Р" = @( "r" )
        [char] "с" = @( "s" )
        [char] "С" = @( "s" )
        [char] "т" = @( "t" )
        [char] "Т" = @( "t" )
        [char] "у" = @( "u" )
        [char] "У" = @( "u" )
        [char] "ф" = @( "f" )
        [char] "Ф" = @( "f" )
        [char] "х" = @( "h" )
        [char] "Х" = @( "h" )
        [char] "ц" = @( "c", "ts")
        [char] "Ц" = @( "ts" )
        [char] "ч" = @( "ch" )
        [char] "Ч" = @( "ch" )
        [char] "ш" = @( "sh" )
        [char] "Ш" = @( "sh" )
        [char] "щ" = @( "sch" )
        [char] "Щ" = @( "sch" )
        [char] "ъ" = @( "" )
        [char] "Ъ" = @( "" )
        [char] "ы" = @( "y" )
        [char] "Ы" = @( "y" )
        [char] "ь" = @( "" )
        [char] "Ь" = @( "" )
        [char] "э" = @( "e" )
        [char] "Э" = @( "e" )
        [char] "ю" = @( "yu" )
        [char] "Ю" = @( "yu" )
        [char] "я" = @( "ya" )
        [char] "Я" = @( "ya" )
        [char] " " = @( "_" )
        # multi-character substitutions
        [string] "ъи" = @( "yi" )
        [string] "ьи" = @( "yi" )
        [string] "ье" = @( "ye" )
        [string] "ъe" = @( "ye" )
        [string] "ий" = @( "ii" )
        [string] "кс" = @( "x" )
    }

    # if the input is empty then there's no work to do,
    # so just return an empty string
    if( [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($InputString) )
    {
        return [string]::Empty;
    }

    # find all the lookups that can be applied at the start of the string
    $keys = @( $lookups.Keys | where-object { $InputString.StartsWith($_) } );

    # if there are no lookups found at the start of the string we'll keep
    # the first character as-is and prefix it to all the transliterations
    # for the remainder of the string
    if( $keys.Length -eq 0 )
    {
        $results = @();
        $head    = $InputString[0];
        $rest    = $InputString.Substring(1);
        $tails   = Get-Transliteration -InputString $rest;
        foreach( $tail in $tails )
        {
            $results += $head + $tail;
        }
        return $results;
    }

    # if we found any lookups at the start of the string we need to "multiply"
    # them with all the transliterations for the remainder of the string
    $results = @();
    foreach( $key in $keys )
    {
        if( $InputString.StartsWith($key) )
        {
            $heads = $lookups[$key];
            $rest  = $InputString.Substring(([string] $key).Length);
            $tails = Get-Transliteration -InputString $rest;
            foreach( $head in $heads )
            {
                foreach( $tail in $tails )
                {
                    $results += $head + $tail;
                }
            }

        }
    }

    return $results;

}

这是一些示例:

# no substitutions to apply
PS> Get-Transliteration "abc"
abc

# single substitution with multiple characters in the replacement text
PS> Get-Transliteration "[ж]"
[zh]

# multiple replacement options for a single match
PS> Get-Transliteration "[ц]"
[c]
[ts]

# replace multiple source characters for a single match
PS> Get-Transliteration "[ъи]"
[i]
[yi]

# replace multiple possible options
PS> Get-Transliteration "[кс]-[ий]"
[ks]-[iy]
[ks]-[ii]
[x]-[iy]
[x]-[ii]

# original sample - "Алексий"
PS> Get-Transliteration "Алексий"
aleksiy
aleksii
alexiy
alexii

# original sample - "Зелекский"
PS> Get-Transliteration "Зелекский"
zelekskiy
zelekskii
zelexkiy
zelexkii

在这里查看Wikipedia页面-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BGN/PCGN_romanization_of_Russian-我认为音译规则比此功能无法处理的复杂，但希望这是一个开始...