c# - 替换CSV文件中的列逗号分隔符，并使用值前后的单引号处理字段

Question

系统正在生成一个我没有影响的csv文件。

如果数据本身包含逗号，则可以在两列中将值括在一对单引号中。

示例数据-4列

123,'abc,def,ghf',ajajaj,1 
345,abdf,'abc,def,ghi',2
556,abdf,def,3
999,'a,b,d','d,e,f',4

结果我想使用Powershell ...

不在数据中的逗号-表示分隔字段的那些逗号将替换为指定的定界符(在pipe-star下方的情况下)。一对单引号之间的逗号仍然保留为逗号。

结果

123|*'abc,def,ghf'|*ajajaj|*1 
345|*abdf|*'abc,def,ghi'|*2
556|*abdf|*def|*3
999|*'a,b,d'|*'d,e,f'|*4

如果可能，我想使用reg表达式来执行power-shell或C#net，但是我不知道该怎么做。

Answer 1

尽管我认为这会创建格式异常的CSV文件，但是使用PowerShell可以将switch与-Regex和-File参数一起使用。这可能是处理大文件的最快方法，并且只需要几行代码:

# create a regex that will find comma's unless they are inside single quotes
$commaUnlessQuoted = ",(?=([^']*'[^']*')*[^']*$)"

$result = switch -Regex -File 'D:\test.csv' {
    # added -replace "'" to also remove the single quotes as commented
    default { $_ -replace "$commaUnlessQuoted", '|*' -replace "'" }
}

# output to console
$result

# output to new (sort-of) CSV file
$result | Set-Content -Path 'D:\testoutput.csv'

更新

作为mklement0 pointed out，上面的代码可以完成工作，但是在将更新的数据创建为内存中的数组的过程中，完全将写入写入输出文件。
如果这是一个问题(文件太大而无法容纳可用的内存)，您也可以更改代码以读取/替换原始行，然后将该行立即写到输出文件中。

下一种方法几乎不会耗尽任何内存，但是当然要在磁盘上执行更多写操作。

# make sure this is an absolute path for .NET
$outputFile = 'D:\output.csv'
$inputFile  = 'D:\input.csv'

# create a regex that will find comma's unless they are inside single quotes
$commaUnlessQuoted = ",(?=([^']*'[^']*')*[^']*$)"

# create a StreamWriter object. Uses UTF8Encoding without BOM (Byte Order Mark) by default.
# if you need a different encoding for the output file, use for instance
# $writer = [System.IO.StreamWriter]::new($outputFile, $false, [System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode)
$writer = [System.IO.StreamWriter]::new($outputFile)
switch -Regex -File $inputFile {
    default {
        # added -replace "'" to also remove the single quotes as commented
        $line = $_ -replace "$commaUnlessQuoted", '|*' -replace "'"
        $writer.WriteLine($line)
        # if you want, uncomment the next line to show on console
        # $line
    }
}

# remove the StreamWriter object from memory when done
$writer.Dispose()

结果:

123|*abc,def,ghf|*ajajaj|*1 
345|*abdf|*abc,def,ghi|*2
556|*abdf|*def|*3
999|*a,b,d|*d,e,f|*4

正则表达式详细信息:

,                 Match the character “,” literally
(?=               Assert that the regex below can be matched, starting at this position (positive lookahead)
   (              Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference number 1
      [^']        Match any character that is NOT a “'”
         *        Between zero and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy)
      '           Match the character “'” literally
      [^']        Match any character that is NOT a “'”
         *        Between zero and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy)
      '           Match the character “'” literally
   )*             Between zero and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy)
   [^']           Match any character that is NOT a “'”
      *           Between zero and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy)
   $              Assert position at the end of the string (or before the line break at the end of the string, if any)
)