string - Powershell脚本替换由于 “(”或 “)”而导致的路径字符串中的字符错误

Question

我编写了一个Powershell脚本，该脚本接收N个字符，这些字符必须由用户的另一个给定字符替换。例如，用户想要替换(，)和-。用户通过此循环输入必须替换的字符:

#Declare array for special characters to replace
$replaceChars = @( )

#Instruct the user about entering characters to replace
Write-Host
Write-Host "Please enter what you would like to replace in your names. This can contain one or more characters. Example: (2) or ^ or _" -ForegroundColor Cyan
Write-Host "Enter -1 to end your input and continue." -ForegroundColor Cyan

#Get values until sentinal is passed
$input = "" #input from user declared to blank

#loop for special characters
while($input -ne -1) {

    #get the input from the user
    $input = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter what you would like to replace (-1 to finish)"

    #if the input isn't sentinal, put it in the replaceChars array
    if($replaceChars.Length -gt 0 -and $input -eq -1) {
        Write-Host
        Write-Host "Your entries have been stored." -ForegroundColor Green
    } #end-if
    elseif($replaceChars.Length -eq 0 -and $input -eq -1) {
        Write-Host
        Write-Host "ERROR: You must enter at least one character to continue." -ForegroundColor Red
        $input = $NULL
    }
    elseif($input -eq '') {
    Write-Host
    Write-Host "Invalid entry. Entry cannot be blank, please enter a value." -ForegroundColor Red
    }#end-elseif
    elseif($input.IndexOfAny([System.IO.Path]::GetInvalidFileNameChars()) -ge 0) {
        Write-Host
        Write-Host "Invalid entry. File names cannot contain / \ : * ? `" < > |" -ForegroundColor Red
    }#end-elseif
    else {
        $replaceChars += $input
    } #end-else

}#end-while

然后，用户通过以下代码输入替换字符:

#Get the char to replace to
Write-Host
Write-Host "Please enter what you want to replace the selected characters with. Leave blank and hit enter to delete the old characters." -ForegroundColor Cyan
$newChar = Read-Host -Prompt "Please enter new character(s)"
while($newChar.IndexOfAny([System.IO.Path]::GetInvalidFileNameChars()) -ge 0) {
    Write-Host
    Write-Host "The entry is invalid for file names. File names cannot contain / \ : * ? `" < > |" -ForegroundColor Red
    $newChar = Read-Host -Prompt "Please enter new character(s)"
}
Write-Host
Write-Host "New character has been stored" -ForegroundColor Green

然后，我正在处理条目:

#Iterate through each character 
foreach($char in $replaceChars) {
    if($type -eq 1) {
        gci -File -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match $char } | ForEach-Object { $_ | rename-item  -NewName $_.Name.Replace($char, $newChar) }
    } elseif ($type -eq 2) { #end-if
        gci -Directory -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match $char } | ForEach-Object { $_ | rename-item  -NewName $_.Name.Replace($char, $newChar) }
    } else { #end-elseif 
        gci -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match $char } | ForEach-Object { $_ | rename-item  -NewName $_.Name.Replace($char, $newChar) }
    }#end-else
} #end-foreach

错误:如果用户输入类似(或)的内容，则脚本的最后一部分将失败，并显示以下错误代码:

parsing "(" - Not enough )'s.
At <path to script>:109 char:50
+ ... gci -File -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match $char } | For ...
+                                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : OperationStopped: (:) [], ArgumentException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : System.ArgumentException

我的解决方案:我试图使用[regex]::Escape()逃脱$char和$newChar变量来修复括号错误。我也试图通过用单引号和双引号引起来的变量来解决这个问题。但是，这防止了实际字符替换的发生。我知道括号/特殊字符是导致此问题的原因，因此我需要以某种方式进行转义；但是，[regex]::Escape()解决方案破坏了字符匹配，最终导致不替换用户输入的任何字符。

我的问题:如何成功转义GCI cmdlet中的$char和$newChar变量，并仍然替换特殊字符(如(或))

gci -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match $char } | ForEach-Object { $_ | rename-item  -NewName $_.Name.Replace($char, $newChar) }

Answer 1

您如何尝试完全实现[regex]::Escape()？如果您尝试先保存$char以便逃脱，我会看到您的问题。由于您的.replace()方法不使用正则表达式。这应该给您一些选择

只需更新where子句以将转义符用于比较即可。那$char不会永久更改。无论您打算使用-match还是不支持正则表达式字符，这都是一个好主意。

gci -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match [regex]::Escape($char) } | ...

将$char保存为转义符，并使用还支持正则表达式的-replace运算符。

gci -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name -match $char } | 
    ForEach-Object { $_ | rename-item  -NewName ($_.Name -replace $char, $newChar)) 

完全不使用正则表达式运算符

gci -Path "$path" | Where-Object { $_.Name.Contains($char) } | ...

几点评论

不要使用名称$input。它是保留的变量名。参见about_automatic_variables

由于您正在使用文件的全名，因此我警告您也可能不小心编辑了文件的扩展名。在这种情况下，basename属性可能对您有用。

正如TheMadTechnician所指出的，您可以通过在Get-ChildItem级别进行过滤来避免正则表达式/非正则表达式问题。

gci -Path "$path" -Filter "*$char*" | Rename-Item  -NewName {$_.Name.Replace($char, $newChar)}