shell - 如何编写脚本来创建 EC2 实例

Question

我需要编写一个脚本来创建并运行 EC2 实例。我不知道从哪里开始，谁能帮我解决这个问题？

如果有人能给我一个例子，那将对我很有帮助。

Answer 1

你有两个选择，

• AWS 命令​​行工具
• AWS 开发工具包 ruby

您可以使用 AWS CLI 启动、列出和终止实例。您将需要一个 key 对和一个安全组；有关通过 AWS CLI 创建它们的信息，请参阅使用 key 对和使用安全组。您还需要选择一个 Amazon Machine Image (AMI) 并记下它的 AMI ID。有关更多信息，请参阅适用于 Linux 实例的 Amazon EC2 用户指南中的查找合适的 AMI。

以下命令在指定子网中启动一个 t2.micro 实例:

aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-xxxxxxxx --count 1 --instance-type t2.micro --key-name MyKeyPair --security-group-ids sg-xxxxxxxx --subnet-id subnet-xxxxxxxx
{
    "OwnerId": "123456789012",
    "ReservationId": "r-5875ca20",
    "Groups": [
        {
            "GroupName": "my-sg",
            "GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
        }
    ],
    "Instances": [
        {
            "Monitoring": {
                "State": "disabled"
            },
            "PublicDnsName": null,
            "Platform": "windows",
            "State": {
                "Code": 0,
                "Name": "pending"
            },
            "EbsOptimized": false,
            "LaunchTime": "2013-07-19T02:42:39.000Z",
            "PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.1.114",
            "ProductCodes": [],
            "VpcId": "vpc-1a2b3c4d",
            "InstanceId": "i-5203422c",
            "ImageId": "ami-173d747e",
            "PrivateDnsName": ip-10-0-1-114.ec2.internal,
            "KeyName": "MyKeyPair",
            "SecurityGroups": [
                {
                    "GroupName": "my-sg",
                    "GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
                }
            ],
            "ClientToken": null,
            "SubnetId": "subnet-6e7f829e",
            "InstanceType": "t2.micro",
            "NetworkInterfaces": [
                {
                    "Status": "in-use",
                    "SourceDestCheck": true,
                    "VpcId": "vpc-1a2b3c4d",
                    "Description": "Primary network interface",
                    "NetworkInterfaceId": "eni-a7edb1c9",
                    "PrivateIpAddresses": [
                        {
                            "PrivateDnsName": "ip-10-0-1-114.ec2.internal",
                            "Primary": true,
                            "PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.1.114"
                        }
                    ],
                    "PrivateDnsName": "ip-10-0-1-114.ec2.internal",
                    "Attachment": {
                        "Status": "attached",
                        "DeviceIndex": 0,
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true,
                        "AttachmentId": "eni-attach-52193138",
                        "AttachTime": "2013-07-19T02:42:39.000Z"
                    },
                    "Groups": [
                        {
                            "GroupName": "my-sg",
                            "GroupId": "sg-903004f8"
                        }
                    ],
                    "SubnetId": "subnet-6e7f829e",
                    "OwnerId": "123456789012",
                    "PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.1.114"
                }              
            ],
            "SourceDestCheck": true,
            "Placement": {
                "Tenancy": "default",
                "GroupName": null,
                "AvailabilityZone": "us-west-2b"
            },
            "Hypervisor": "xen",
            "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                {
                    "DeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
                    "Ebs": {
                        "Status": "attached",
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true,
                        "VolumeId": "vol-877166c8",
                        "AttachTime": "2013-07-19T02:42:39.000Z"
                    }
                }              
            ],
            "Architecture": "x86_64",
            "StateReason": {
                "Message": "pending",
                "Code": "pending"
            },
            "RootDeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
            "VirtualizationType": "hvm",
            "RootDeviceType": "ebs",
            "Tags": [
                {
                    "Value": "MyInstance",
                    "Key": "Name"
                }
            ],
            "AmiLaunchIndex": 0
        }
    ]
}

有关更多信息，请阅读 AWS 网站上的以下文档:

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-ec2-launch.html

此外，您还可以使用适用于 Ruby 的 AWS SDK，这里是创建实例的示例:

require 'aws-sdk-ec2'  # v2: require 'aws-sdk'
require 'base64'

# User code that's executed when the instance starts
script = ''

encoded_script = Base64.encode64(script)

ec2 = Aws::EC2::Resource.new(region: 'us-west-2')

instance = ec2.create_instances({
  image_id: 'IMAGE_ID',
  min_count: 1,
  max_count: 1,
  key_name: 'MyGroovyKeyPair',
  security_group_ids: ['SECURITY_GROUP_ID'],
  user_data: encoded_script,
  instance_type: 't2.micro',
  placement: {
    availability_zone: 'us-west-2a'
  },
  subnet_id: 'SUBNET_ID',
  iam_instance_profile: {
    arn: 'arn:aws:iam::' + 'ACCOUNT_ID' + ':instance-profile/aws-opsworks-ec2-role'
  }
})

# Wait for the instance to be created, running, and passed status checks
ec2.client.wait_until(:instance_status_ok, {instance_ids: [instance.first.id]})

# Name the instance 'MyGroovyInstance' and give it the Group tag 'MyGroovyGroup'
instance.create_tags({ tags: [{ key: 'Name', value: 'MyGroovyInstance' }, { key: 'Group', value: 'MyGroovyGroup' }]})

puts instance.id
puts instance.public_ip_address

有关 Ruby AWS SDK 的更多信息，请阅读以下文档:

https://aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-ruby/

最后，正如 Marco 提到的，您可以使用 AWS CloudFormation 来实现这一点。

具有 block 设备映射的 EC2 实例

JSON

"Ec2Instance" : {
      "Type" : "AWS::EC2::Instance", 
      "Properties" : {
        "ImageId" : { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSRegionArch2AMI", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, 
                                          { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSInstanceType2Arch", { "Ref" : "InstanceType" }, "Arch" ] } ] },
        "KeyName" : { "Ref" : "KeyName" },
        "InstanceType" : { "Ref" : "InstanceType" },
        "SecurityGroups" : [{ "Ref" : "Ec2SecurityGroup" }],
        "BlockDeviceMappings" : [
          {
            "DeviceName" : "/dev/sda1",
            "Ebs" : { "VolumeSize" : "50" } 
          },{
            "DeviceName" : "/dev/sdm",
            "Ebs" : { "VolumeSize" : "100" }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

YAML

EC2Instance:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
        ImageId: !FindInMap [ AWSRegionArch2AMI, !Ref 'AWS::Region' , !FindInMap [ AWSInstanceType2Arch, !Ref InstanceType, Arch ] ]
        KeyName: !Ref KeyName
        InstanceType: !Ref InstanceType
        SecurityGroups:
        - !Ref Ec2SecurityGroup
        BlockDeviceMappings:
        -
          DeviceName: /dev/sda1
          Ebs:
            VolumeSize: 50
        -
          DeviceName: /dev/sdm
          Ebs:
            VolumeSize: 100

有关更多信息，请阅读 AWS 网站上的以下文档:

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-ec2-instance.html

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/template-guide.html