python - 安装 OpenCV 失败，因为它找不到 "skbuild"

Question

我有一个 docker 镜像，我需要在其中安装 openCV，从昨天开始它开始失败，因为它找不到“skbuild”模块:

Step 12/24 : RUN pip install opencv-python opencv-contrib-python
 ---> Running in a0f746a23aed
Collecting opencv-python
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/77/f5/49f034f8d109efcf9b7e98fbc051878b83b2f02a1c73f92bbd37f317288e/opencv-python-4.4.0.42.tar.gz (88.9MB)
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/tmp/pip-build-cciracwm/opencv-python/setup.py", line 9, in <module>
        import skbuild
    ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'skbuild'

在主机上我也找不到那个模块和pip search要么不返回任何内容，要么返回服务器错误:

sudo pip3 search skbuild
WARNING: The directory '/home/ali/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned or is not writable by the current user. The cache has been disabled. Check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 216, in _main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py", line 60, in run
    pypi_hits = self.search(query, options)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py", line 80, in search
    hits = pypi.search({'name': query, 'summary': query}, 'or')
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1112, in __call__
    return self.__send(self.__name, args)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1452, in __request
    verbose=self.__verbose
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py", line 45, in request
    return self.parse_response(response.raw)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1342, in parse_response
    return u.close()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 656, in close
    raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
xmlrpc.client.Fault: <Fault -32403: 'server error; service unavailable'>

这是因为他们的服务器有问题还是与我的 pip 有关？
更新
我在不同的 python 和 pip 版本、python 版本 3.6 和 3.7 以及 pip 版本 19.12 和 20.2.2 和 9.0.1(内部图像)上进行了尝试。
更新 2
我添加了 pip install scikit-build在 opencv 安装之前的一步，但我得到另一个与 cmake 相关的错误:

Step 12/25 : RUN pip install scikit-build
 ---> Running in afe0c5c0fca0
Collecting scikit-build
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/78/c9/7c2c7397ea64e36ebb292446896edcdecbb8c1aa6b9a1a32f6f67984c3df/scikit_build-0.11.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (72kB)
Collecting packaging (from scikit-build)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/46/19/c5ab91b1b05cfe63cccd5cfc971db9214c6dd6ced54e33c30d5af1d2bc43/packaging-20.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: wheel>=0.29.0 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from scikit-build)
Collecting distro (from scikit-build)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/25/b7/b3c4270a11414cb22c6352ebc7a83aaa3712043be29daa05018fd5a5c956/distro-1.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=28.0.0; python_version >= "3" in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from scikit-build)
Requirement already satisfied: six in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from packaging->scikit-build)
Collecting pyparsing>=2.0.2 (from packaging->scikit-build)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/bb/488841f56197b13700afd5658fc279a2025a39e22449b7cf29864669b15d/pyparsing-2.4.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (67kB)
Installing collected packages: pyparsing, packaging, distro, scikit-build
Successfully installed distro-1.5.0 packaging-20.4 pyparsing-2.4.7 scikit-build-0.11.1
Removing intermediate container afe0c5c0fca0
 ---> 533658ddf26d
Step 13/25 : RUN pip install opencv-python opencv-contrib-python
 ---> Running in 0f2c03bc042a
Collecting opencv-python
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/77/f5/49f034f8d109efcf9b7e98fbc051878b83b2f02a1c73f92bbd37f317288e/opencv-python-4.4.0.42.tar.gz (88.9MB)
Collecting opencv-contrib-python
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/48/98/05bd8e00c71b66c4e7847cc051cac404191d904df58b51a7dcc3767ff747/opencv_contrib_python-4.2.0.34-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (34.2MB)
Collecting numpy>=1.14.5 (from opencv-python)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3d/d1/90cd7e0b27ee86d77f5386d38b74520486100286d50772377791b6ef22ff/numpy-1.19.1-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (13.4MB)
Building wheels for collected packages: opencv-python
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for opencv-python: started
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for opencv-python: finished with status 'error'
  Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-w49xv99a/opencv-python/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpycj03zlwpip-wheel- --python-tag cp37:
  /usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'long_description_content_type'
    warnings.warn(msg)
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/setuptools_wrap.py", line 560, in setup
      cmkr = cmaker.CMaker(cmake_executable)
    File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 95, in __init__
      self.cmake_version = get_cmake_version(self.cmake_executable)
    File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 82, in get_cmake_version
      "Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is %s" % cmake_executable)
  
  Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is cmake
  
  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for opencv-python
  Running setup.py clean for opencv-python
Failed to build opencv-python
Installing collected packages: numpy, opencv-python, opencv-contrib-python
  Found existing installation: numpy 1.13.3
    Not uninstalling numpy at /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages, outside environment /usr
  Running setup.py install for opencv-python: started
    Running setup.py install for opencv-python: finished with status 'error'
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-w49xv99a/opencv-python/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-maky1uyw-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    /usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'long_description_content_type'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/setuptools_wrap.py", line 560, in setup
        cmkr = cmaker.CMaker(cmake_executable)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 95, in __init__
        self.cmake_version = get_cmake_version(self.cmake_executable)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 82, in get_cmake_version
        "Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is %s" % cmake_executable)
    
    Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is cmake

Answer 1

如果您阅读 opencv-python package FAQ in PyPI ，它清楚地为这个特定问题提供了答案:您必须运行 pip install --upgrade pip .查看 pip之后的版本 pip -V .
这是因为您的 pip太老了，看不懂新的manylinux2014包格式并尝试从源代码编译。这也将失败，因为 pip太老了，不懂怎么用pyproject.toml安装构建依赖项，例如 scikit-build .
我发现的另一个问题是您同时安装了 opencv-python和 opencv-contrib-python .你不应该这样做。它也在包的 PyPI 页面中进行了解释。您很可能应该只使用 opencv-contrib-python-headless包，因为您使用的是 Docker，并且我假设您不使用 OpenCV 的 GUI 功能。