c++ - 使用VSCode中的MSVS编译器构建OpenCV应用程序

Question

我正在尝试在VSCode中构建我的C++项目。但是，我遇到了OpenCV“错误LNK2001:无法解析的外部符号”的链接问题。我已经建立了与vcpkg一起使用的所有库。

我使用此.bat文件进行构建:

@echo off
if exist "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" (
    call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
) else (
    call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
)
set compilerflags=/Od /Zi /EHsc /std:c++latest /I include /I C:\includes\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\include
set linkerflags=/OUT:bin\main.exe
cl.exe %compilerflags% src\*.cpp /link %linkerflags% /LIBPATH:C:\includes\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\lib
del bin\*.ilk *.obj *.pdb

我的task.json文件是:

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "Build C++ project",
            "type": "shell",
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "command": ".\\build.bat"
        },
        {
            "label": "Build & run C++ project",
            "type": "shell",
            "group": {
                "kind": "test",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "command": ".\\build.bat && .\\bin\\main.exe"
        }
    ]
}

我的launch.json文件是:

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "C++ Debug (Windows)",
            "type": "cppvsdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/bin/main.exe",
            "preLaunchTask": "Build C++ project",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
        }
    ]
}

最后我的settings.json文件是:

{
    "terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "cmd.exe"
}

我似乎找不到任何有关如何使用MSVS编译器将vcpkg库与VSCode链接的文档。我真的很感谢您的帮助。

Answer 1

我最近在Windows 10上安装了 OpenCV 4.3.0 (64位)，不得不在中配置工作区，以使用Visual Studio代码(VSC)来构建一个简单的应用程序。
以下配置使用的x64版本，即 Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 (社区版)附带的C / C++编译器来构建OpenCV应用程序。
请注意此cl.exe文件上定义的路径，因为它们在您的系统中可能不同:

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "windows": {
        "options": {
            "shell": {
                "executable": "C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\cmd.exe",
                "args": [ "/d", "/c" ]
            }
        },
        "isShellCommand": true,
        "showOutput": "always",
        "echoCommand": true,
    },
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "build_vs2019",
            "type": "shell",    
            "windows": {
                "command": "call \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\Community\\VC\\Auxiliary\\Build\\vcvars64.bat\" && cl.exe",
                "args": [
                    "/Zi",
                    "/EHsc",
                    "/Fe:",
                    "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                    "${file}",
                    "-I", "C:\\opencv\\build\\include",
                    "/link", "/libpath:C:\\opencv\\build\\x64\\vc15\\lib", "opencv_world430.lib"
                ],              
                "problemMatcher": [ "$msCompile" ],
            },
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        },
        {
            "label": "run",
            "type": "shell",
            "dependsOn": [ "build_vs2019" ],
            "windows": {
                "command": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                "args": [ "superDark.jpg" ],
                "options": {
                    "env": {
                        "PATH": "C:\\opencv\\build\\x64\\vc15\\bin"
                    }
                }
            },  
            "presentation": {               
                "reveal": "silent",
                "clear": true,
                "showReuseMessage": false,
            }
        }
    ]
}

必须使用此配置替换工作空间中的配置。尝试运行任务时，它将提供两个选项供您选择:

build_vs2019 :将shell定义为tasks.json并执行cmd.exe来设置环境变量和路径，以使您能够使用x64版本的vcvars64.bat。它还指定了头文件和所需的库，以构建基于OpenCV的应用程序。此选项生成应用程序。

运行:取决于在cmd行上运行OpenCV应用程序的上一个任务是否成功。它将cl.exe环境变量调整为指向OpenCV DLL目录。此选项执行应用程序。