我正在尝试使用正则表达式从 VMware VMX 文件中过滤除非常特定的文本行之外的所有内容,我正在通过 foreach 循环运行该文件,因为每个虚拟机都有多个文件。每次循环运行时,它都会绑定(bind) Net::OpenSSH 的输出。它针对 VM 服务器上的文件运行 cat 到标量变量。
我不确定这是否真的有意义。
无论如何,我遇到的问题是,当脚本运行时,它与我的正则表达式中的任何内容都不匹配,它只是一个接一个地显示所有已连接的 VMX 文件。我不知道我错过了什么。
这是我正在处理的代码示例。
sub get_virtual_machines {
my $esx_host = config_file()->{ESX}{host};
my $ssh_port = config_file()->{ESX}{port};
my $esx_user = config_file()->{ESX}{user};
my $esx_password = config_file()->{ESX}{password};
my %options = (
port => $ssh_port,
user => $esx_user,
password => $esx_password
);
my $ssh1 = Net::OpenSSH->new($esx_host, %options);
print color 'blue';
print "Collecting virtual machine data for $esx_host\n";
my @virtual_machines = $ssh1->capture('vim-cmd vmsvc/getallvms');
shift @virtual_machines;
print color 'reset';
# Filter data from ESX\ESXi output
my %virtual_machines = ();
foreach my $vm (@virtual_machines) {
# Replace "[" with "/"
$vm =~ s/\[/\//;
# Replace "]" with "/"
$vm =~ s/\]/\//;
# Match ID, NAME and VMX location
$vm =~ m/^(\d+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\D+)(\D)(\d)(\d)/x;
# Build hash table of discovered virtual machines
$virtual_machines{"$2"}{"ID"} = "$1";
$virtual_machines{"$2"}{"VMX"} = "/vmfs/volumes$3$4";
$virtual_machines{"$2"}{"Version"} = "$9";
}
undef @virtual_machines;
foreach my $vm (keys %virtual_machines) {
$vm = $ssh1->capture("cat $virtual_machines{$vm}{VMX}");
$vm =~ m/^(\bguestOSAltName\b)/x;
print "$1\n";
}
#print Dumper (\%virtual_machines);
}
有问题的部分位于“undef @virtual_machines”行之后。示例中的第 38 行 我的第一个目标是将该行与“guestOSAltName”一词相匹配,我想一旦完成该部分,我将再次上路,只是遇到了障碍。
这里还有一个示例 VMX 文件可供查看。
.encoding = "UTF-8"
config.version = "8"
virtualHW.version = "7"
pciBridge0.present = "TRUE"
pciBridge4.present = "TRUE"
pciBridge4.virtualDev = "pcieRootPort"
pciBridge4.functions = "8"
pciBridge5.present = "TRUE"
pciBridge5.virtualDev = "pcieRootPort"
pciBridge5.functions = "8"
pciBridge6.present = "TRUE"
pciBridge6.virtualDev = "pcieRootPort"
pciBridge6.functions = "8"
pciBridge7.present = "TRUE"
pciBridge7.virtualDev = "pcieRootPort"
pciBridge7.functions = "8"
vmci0.present = "TRUE"
nvram = "NS02.nvram"
deploymentPlatform = "windows"
virtualHW.productCompatibility = "hosted"
unity.customColor = "|23C0C0C0"
tools.upgrade.policy = "useGlobal"
powerType.powerOff = "default"
powerType.powerOn = "default"
powerType.suspend = "default"
powerType.reset = "default"
displayName = "NS02"
extendedConfigFile = "NS02.vmxf"
scsi0.present = "TRUE"
scsi0.sharedBus = "none"
scsi0.virtualDev = "lsilogic"
memsize = "512"
scsi0:0.present = "TRUE"
scsi0:0.fileName = "NS02.vmdk"
scsi0:0.deviceType = "scsi-hardDisk"
ide1:0.present = "TRUE"
ide1:0.clientDevice = "FALSE"
ide1:0.deviceType = "cdrom-image"
ide1:0.startConnected = "FALSE"
ethernet0.present = "TRUE"
ethernet0.virtualDev = "e1000"
ethernet0.networkName = "solignis.local"
ethernet0.addressType = "generated"
chipset.onlineStandby = "FALSE"
guestOSAltName = "Ubuntu Linux (64-bit)"
guestOS = "ubuntu-64"
uuid.location = "56 4d ab a6 1e 7b c5 43-02 45 7c 24 1f fc 28 d9"
uuid.bios = "56 4d ab a6 1e 7b c5 43-02 45 7c 24 1f fc 28 d9"
vc.uuid = "52 50 c1 4b be 91 07 d5-22 0e 86 ee db 88 6d 8a"
snapshot.action = "keep"
sched.cpu.min = "0"
sched.cpu.units = "mhz"
sched.cpu.shares = "normal"
sched.mem.minsize = "0"
sched.mem.shares = "normal"
sched.scsi0:0.shares = "normal"
bios.forceSetupOnce = "FALSE"
floppy0.present = "FALSE"
ethernet0.generatedAddress = "00:0c:29:fc:28:d9"
tools.syncTime = "FALSE"
cleanShutdown = "FALSE"
replay.supported = "FALSE"
sched.swap.derivedName = "/vmfs/volumes/4cbcad5b-b51efa39-c3d8-001517585013/NS02/NS02-510988a0.vswp"
scsi0:0.redo = ""
vmotion.checkpointFBSize = "4194304"
pciBridge0.pciSlotNumber = "17"
pciBridge4.pciSlotNumber = "21"
pciBridge5.pciSlotNumber = "22"
pciBridge6.pciSlotNumber = "23"
pciBridge7.pciSlotNumber = "24"
scsi0.pciSlotNumber = "16"
ethernet0.pciSlotNumber = "32"
vmci0.pciSlotNumber = "33"
ethernet0.generatedAddressOffset = "0"
vmci0.id = "536619225"
hostCPUID.0 = "0000000a756e65476c65746e49656e69"
hostCPUID.1 = "000006fb000408000000e3bdbfebfbff"
hostCPUID.80000001 = "00000000000000000000000120100800"
guestCPUID.0 = "0000000a756e65476c65746e49656e69"
guestCPUID.1 = "000006fb00010800800022010febfbff"
guestCPUID.80000001 = "00000000000000000000000120100800"
userCPUID.0 = "0000000a756e65476c65746e49656e69"
userCPUID.1 = "000006fb000408000000e3bdbfebfbff"
userCPUID.80000001 = "00000000000000000000000120100800"
evcCompatibilityMode = "FALSE"
ide1:0.fileName = "/usr/lib/vmware/isoimages/linux.iso"
最佳答案
根据您提供的信息很难说,但我认为问题在于正则表达式
$vm =~ m/^(\bguestOSAltName\b)/x;
与您提供的文件不匹配,因为^
断言匹配字符串开头,而不是行开头。由于正则表达式不匹配,$1
保留程序早期的旧值,该值将被打印出来。为了安全起见,您应该在使用捕获之前检查实际匹配的正则表达式:
if ($vm =~ m/^(\bguestOSAltName\b)/x) {
print "$1\n";
}
else {
carp "Couldn't find guestOSAltName!";
}
或者通过将匹配项放入列表上下文来抓取捕获:
# $result gets $1 if the match succeeds, undef if it fails.
my ($result) = $vm =~ m/^(\bguestOSAltName\b)/x
制作 ^
匹配行首,您需要 /m
修改器,它改变 ^$
按行匹配而不是按字符串匹配:
if ($vm =~ m/^(\bguestOSAltName\b)/xm) { ... }
这就是为什么 Damian Conway 在 Perl 最佳实践中建议您始终使用 /m
-- 因为那时^$
总是做你直觉认为他们应该做的事情。 [事实上,他建议始终使用 /xms
。你已经完成了三分之一:)]
PS:从这一点开始,一切都是一般的代码审查批评,与问题没有直接关系。我希望它有用,但请随意忽略它。
我发现在正则表达式和其他双引号上下文中过度使用转义字符
$vm =~ s/\[/\//;
通常在单引号上下文中更好地重写:
$vm =~ s'['/';
此外,这个正则表达式很难阅读:
$vm =~ m/^(\d+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\D+)(\D)(\d)(\d)/x;
您正在使用/x
标签,为什么不利用它呢?
$vm =~ m/^(\d+) \s+ # $1: number of some sort
(\S+) \s+ # $2: identifier we're interested in
(\S+) \s+ # $3: VMX filename part a
(\S+) \s+ # $4: VMX filename part b
(\S+) \s+ # $5: another identifier
(\D+)(\D) # $6, $7: at least two nondigits
(\d) # $8: digit
(\d) # $9: version digit
/x;
我还会考虑使用命名捕获:
$vm =~ m/^(?: \d+) \s+ # number of some sort
(?<ID> \S+) \s+ # $+{ID}: identifier we're interested in
(?<VMXa> \S+) \s+ # $+{VMXa}: VMX filename part a
(?<VMXb> \S+) \s+ # $+{VMXb}: VMX filename part b
(?: \S+) \s+
(?:\D+)(?:\D) # at least two nondigits
(?:\d) # one digit
(?<VERSION> \d) # $+{VERSION}: version digit
/x;
现在不再是对 $2
的神秘引用和$9
之后,您将获得对 $+{ID}
的清晰、明显、自记录的引用。和$+{VERSION}
。我已将其余组设为非捕获组 (?:regex)
,但如果我想稍后捕获一个捕获,我可以将其变成命名捕获,而无需更改所有其他捕获的索引,这与位置捕获不同。
命名捕获也不太可能遇到上面提到的旧值问题,即失败的捕获会留下所有 $1
变量处于旧状态。
关于regex - 如何从绑定(bind)标量变量的文件输出中过滤特定行?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4591049/