android - 如何创建响应式布局？

Question

我正在尝试创建一个登录布局。

预览手机 5.0"看起来不错: https://imgur.com/oAukTkZ

如果我在 6.0"设备上运行看起来不错。但是，我看到的 5.0"设备非常大 https://imgur.com/muMon2U

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <View
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:background="@color/lightBlue"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:scaleType="fitXY"
        android:src="@drawable/background_5"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView1"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="112dp"
        android:scaleType="fitXY"
        android:src="@drawable/background_3"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/imageView" />

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView2"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="38dp"
        android:scaleType="fitXY"
        android:src="@drawable/background_4"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/imageView1" />

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView3"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:scaleType="fitXY"
        android:src="@drawable/background_1"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView4"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:scaleType="fitXY"
        android:src="@drawable/background_2"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageViewLogo"
        android:layout_width="137dp"
        android:layout_height="53dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="18dp"
        android:scaleType="fitXY"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/imageView2"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@id/textViewWelcome" />

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatTextView
        android:id="@+id/textViewWelcome"
        style="@style/tv24spffffff_googlesansmedium"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="4dp"
        android:text="@string/selamat_datang"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/textViewWelcomeDesc"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@id/textViewWelcomeDesc" />

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatTextView
        android:id="@+id/textViewWelcomeDesc"
        style="@style/tv14spffffff_robotomedium"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="55dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="35dp"
        android:text="@string/silahkan_login_untuk_masuk_ke_akun_anda"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/cardView"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />

    <com.google.android.material.card.MaterialCardView
        android:id="@+id/cardView"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="25dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="25dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
        app:cardCornerRadius="10dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/txtForgotPassword"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent">

        <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent">

            <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
                android:id="@+id/textInputLayoutEmailOrNoTelp"
                style="@style/AppTextFields"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_marginStart="30dp"
                android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
                android:layout_marginEnd="30dp"
                android:hint="@string/email_no_telp"
                app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent">

                <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputEditText
                    android:id="@+id/edtEmailOrNoTelp"
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                    android:lines="1" />

            </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>

            <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
                android:id="@+id/textInputLayoutPassword"
                style="@style/AppTextFields"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_marginStart="30dp"
                android:layout_marginTop="29.61dp"
                app:passwordToggleEnabled="true"
                android:layout_marginEnd="30dp"
                android:hint="@string/password"
                app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textInputLayoutEmailOrNoTelp">

                <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputEditText
                    android:id="@+id/edtPassword"
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:inputType="textPassword"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                    android:lines="1" />

            </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>

            <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
                android:id="@+id/buttonLogin"
                style="@style/AppButtonBlue"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_marginStart="30dp"
                android:layout_marginTop="48.7dp"
                android:enabled="true"
                android:layout_marginEnd="30dp"
                android:layout_marginBottom="15dp"
                android:text="@string/log_in"
                app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textInputLayoutPassword" />

        </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
    </com.google.android.material.card.MaterialCardView>

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatTextView
        android:id="@+id/txtForgotPassword"
        style="@style/tv13spffffff_googlesansmedium"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
        android:text="@string/lupa_password"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

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Answer 1

如果你想要一个响应式布局可以使用:

• app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.x"

• app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.y"

• Guideline

示例布局:

  <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">


    <androidx.cardview.widget.CardView
        android:id="@+id/cardView"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        app:cardCornerRadius="10dp"
        app:cardBackgroundColor="@color/colorPrimary"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/textView3"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.3"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.512"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.9" >

        <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent">

            <Button
                android:id="@+id/button"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.3"
                android:text="button"
                app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/button2"
                app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/button3"
                app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

            <Button
                android:id="@+id/button2"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.3"
                android:text="Button"
                app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/button3"
                app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/button3"
                app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/button" />

            <Button
                android:id="@+id/button3"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                app:layout_constraintWidth_percent="0.9"
                android:text="Button"
                app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/button2" />
        </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>


    </androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="TextView"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/cardView"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
        android:text="TextView"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/cardView"

        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/textView"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
        android:text="TextView"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/textView4"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/cardView"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/cardView"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/cardView" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView4"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="TextView"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/textView3"
        app:layout_constraintHeight_percent="0.05"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/textView3"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView3" />


    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.4" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

它看起来像这样: