r - 使用 R reshape 和绘制 linux dstat CSV 文件

Question

我正在尝试使用 reshape2 来格式化这个 90-observation dstat数据，以便我可以以合理的方式绘制它，但我无法弄清楚如何将所有 foo.5 列转换为我可以使用 ggplot2 轻松绘制的内容。

> library(RCurl)
> x <- getURL("https://gist.githubusercontent.com/hamiltont/27d9f93ad53d8978bccd/raw/ec6118805b9ab8606a303dc81450a6f760864cf9/dstat.csv")
> dstat = read.csv(file="stats", skip=6, header=TRUE)
> names(dstat)
  [1] "usr"    "sys"    "idl"    "wai"    "hiq"   
  [6] "siq"    "usr.1"  "sys.1"  "idl.1"  "wai.1" 
 [11] "hiq.1"  "siq.1"  "usr.2"  "sys.2"  "idl.2" 
 [16] "wai.2"  "hiq.2"  "siq.2"  "usr.3"  "sys.3" 
 [21] "idl.3"  "wai.3"  "hiq.3"  "siq.3"  "usr.4" 
 [26] "sys.4"  "idl.4"  "wai.4"  "hiq.4"  "siq.4" 
 [31] "usr.5"  "sys.5"  "idl.5"  "wai.5"  "hiq.5" 
 [36] "siq.5"  "usr.6"  "sys.6"  "idl.6"  "wai.6" 
 [41] "hiq.6"  "siq.6"  "usr.7"  "sys.7"  "idl.7" 
 [46] "wai.7"  "hiq.7"  "siq.7"  "usr.8"  "sys.8" 
 [51] "idl.8"  "wai.8"  "hiq.8"  "siq.8"  "usr.9" 
 [56] "sys.9"  "idl.9"  "wai.9"  "hiq.9"  "siq.9" 
 [61] "usr.10" "sys.10" "idl.10" "wai.10" "hiq.10"
 [66] "siq.10" "usr.11" "sys.11" "idl.11" "wai.11"
 [71] "hiq.11" "siq.11" "usr.12" "sys.12" "idl.12"
 [76] "wai.12" "hiq.12" "siq.12" "usr.13" "sys.13"
 [81] "idl.13" "wai.13" "hiq.13" "siq.13" "usr.14"
 [86] "sys.14" "idl.14" "wai.14" "hiq.14" "siq.14"
 [91] "usr.15" "sys.15" "idl.15" "wai.15" "hiq.15"
 [96] "siq.15" "usr.16" "sys.16" "idl.16" "wai.16"
[101] "hiq.16" "siq.16" "usr.17" "sys.17" "idl.17"
[106] "wai.17" "hiq.17" "siq.17" "usr.18" "sys.18"
[111] "idl.18" "wai.18" "hiq.18" "siq.18" "usr.19"
[116] "sys.19" "idl.19" "wai.19" "hiq.19" "siq.19"
[121] "usr.20" "sys.20" "idl.20" "wai.20" "hiq.20"
[126] "siq.20" "usr.21" "sys.21" "idl.21" "wai.21"
[131] "hiq.21" "siq.21" "usr.22" "sys.22" "idl.22"
[136] "wai.22" "hiq.22" "siq.22" "usr.23" "sys.23"
[141] "idl.23" "wai.23" "hiq.23" "siq.23" "read"  
[146] "writ"   "recv"   "send"   "recv.1" "send.1"
[151] "recv.2" "send.2" "in."    "out"    "int"   
[156] "csw"    "X20"    "X21"    "X23"    "X76"   
[161] "X77"    "X78"    "X79"    "X80"    "X81"   
[166] "X82"    "X83"    "X1m"    "X5m"    "X15m"  
[171] "used"   "buff"   "cach"   "free"   "run"   
[176] "blk"    "new"    "read.1" "writ.1" "used.1"
[181] "free.1" "epoch"  "X.aio"  "files"  "inodes"
[186] "msg"    "sem"    "shm"    "pos"    "lck"   
[191] "rea"    "wri"    "raw"    "tot"    "tcp"   
[196] "udp"    "raw.1"  "frg"    "lis"    "act"   
[201] "syn"    "tim"    "clo"    "raw.2"  "tot.1" 
[206] "tcp.1"  "udp.1"  "raw.3"  "frg.1"  "lis.1" 
[211] "act.1"  "syn.1"  "tim.1"  "clo.1"  "lis.2" 
[216] "act.2"  "dgm"    "str"    "lis.3"  "act.3" 
[221] "majpf"  "minpf"  "alloc"  "free.2" "util"  
[226] "call"   "retr"   "refr"   "call.1" "erca"  
[231] "erau"   "ercl"   "xdrc"  

对于我的第一个情节，我只是喜欢将所有 usr.* 列显示为不同颜色的线条，我会使用这样的东西来做:

ggplot(dstat, aes(x=observation, y=usr, color=usr_type) +
  geom_line()

如果我能让我的数据框看起来像这样:

observation | usr_type | value
1             usr        22
1             usr.1      32
1             usr.2      12
<snip>
2             usr        21
2             usr.1      20
2             usr.2      20

Answer 1

有几种方法可以做到这一点，但我建议使用我的“splitstackshape”包中的Stacked。

基本的方法是这样的:

library(splitstackshape) ## Also loads "data.table"
DT <- as.data.table(dstat, keep.rownames = TRUE)
Stacked(DT, id.vars = "rn", var.stubs = "usr", 
        sep = "var.stubs", keep.all = FALSE)
#       rn .time_1   usr
#    1:  1         0.027
#    2:  1      .1 8.068
#    3:  1     .10 0.022
#    4:  1     .11 3.276
#    5:  1     .12 0.003
#   ---                 
# 2060:  9      .5 0.000
# 2061:  9      .6 0.000
# 2062:  9      .7 0.000
# 2063:  9      .8 0.000
# 2064:  9      .9 0.000

但是，您还可以做更有趣的事情，例如“堆叠”多组列。例如，要使用“usr”、“sys”和“wai”变量的“堆叠”版本创建一个 list，您可以这样做:

varsOfInterest <- c("usr", "sys", "wai")
Stacked(DT, id.vars = "rn", var.stubs = varsOfInterest, 
        sep = "var.stubs", keep.all = FALSE)
# $usr
#       rn .time_1   usr
#    1:  1         0.027
#    2:  1      .1 8.068
#    3:  1     .10 0.022
#    4:  1     .11 3.276
#    5:  1     .12 0.003
#   ---                 
# 2060:  9      .5 0.000
# 2061:  9      .6 0.000
# 2062:  9      .7 0.000
# 2063:  9      .8 0.000
# 2064:  9      .9 0.000
# 
# $sys
#       rn .time_1   sys
#    1:  1         0.010
#    2:  1      .1 5.000
#    3:  1     .10 0.009
#    4:  1     .11 2.559
#    5:  1     .12 0.001
#   ---                 
# 2060:  9      .5 2.000
# 2061:  9      .6 0.000
# 2062:  9      .7 0.000
# 2063:  9      .8 0.000
# 2064:  9      .9 0.000
# 
# $wai
#       rn .time_1   wai
#    1:  1         0.027
#    2:  1      .1 0.036
#    3:  1     .10 0.003
#    4:  1     .11 0.038
#    5:  1     .12 0.003
#   ---                 
# 2060:  9      .5 0.000
# 2061:  9      .6 0.000
# 2062:  9      .7 0.000
# 2063:  9      .8 0.000
# 2064:  9      .9 0.000

sep = "var.stubs" 参数基本上表示列名中没有真正的分隔符。对于您的数据集，这不是完全正确的，但它使您不必将每个集合的第一列重命名为“usr.0”之类的名称。如果数据已经是那种形式，那么您就可以使用 . 作为 sep 的值。