maven - pom 文件中的 list - NoClassDefFoundError

Question

我的 pom 文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>pl.xx</groupId>
    <artifactId>kwestionariusz</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <version>9.4-1201-jdbc41</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>unknown.binary</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql-9.2-1002.jdbc4</artifactId>
            <version>SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.10</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <build>
       <plugins>
        <plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
      <archive>
        <manifest>
        <mainClass>pl.xx.kwestionariusz.gui.Kwestionariusz</mainClass>
        </manifest>
      </archive>
    </configuration>
    </plugin>
    </plugins>  
</build>
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>unknown-jars-temp-repo</id>
            <name>A temporary repository created by NetBeans for libraries and jars it could not identify. Please replace the dependencies in this repository with correct ones and delete this repository.</name>
            <url>file:${project.basedir}/lib</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
</project>

当我尝试通过 cmd 运行它时遇到的错误:

\NetBeansProjects\kwestionariusz\target>java -jar kwestionariusz-1.0.jar



Exception in thread "AWT-EventQueue-0" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/hiber
nate/service/ServiceRegistry
        at pl.xx.kwestionariusz.dao.ListaZainteresowanDao.wyszukajZaintereso
wania(ListaZainteresowanDao.java:31)
        at pl.xx.kwestionariusz.gui.Kwestionariusz$2.<init>(Kwestionariusz.j
ava:110)
        at pl.xx.kwestionariusz.gui.Kwestionariusz.initComponents(Kwestionar
iusz.java:106)
        at pl.xx.kwestionariusz.gui.Kwestionariusz.<init>(Kwestionariusz.jav
a:33)
        at pl.xx.kwestionariusz.gui.Kwestionariusz$5.run(Kwestionariusz.java
:275)
        at java.awt.event.InvocationEvent.dispatch(Unknown Source)
        at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEventImpl(Unknown Source)
        at java.awt.EventQueue.access$500(Unknown Source)
        at java.awt.EventQueue$3.run(Unknown Source)
        at java.awt.EventQueue$3.run(Unknown Source)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at java.security.ProtectionDomain$1.doIntersectionPrivilege(Unknown Sour
ce)
        at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEvent(Unknown Source)
        at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpOneEventForFilters(Unknown Source)
        at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(Unknown Source)
        at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForHierarchy(Unknown Source)
        at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(Unknown Source)
        at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(Unknown Source)
        at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegist
ry
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
        at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
        ... 19 more

我必须向 pom 文件添加什么才能使该项目可执行？当我在 netbeans 中编译和运行它时它工作，但当我尝试使用 jar 文件时它不工作。

@编辑 还是没有解决

@编辑 我开始赏金..

Answer 1

您的问题是类路径。您在 .pom 文件中指定的只是构建项目所需的依赖项。然而，实际运行生成的 .jar 是另一回事，而 .pom 在那里没有权力。

它可以在 NetBeans IDE 中运行，因为与任何优秀的 IDE 一样，它会跟踪您添加到项目中的依赖项，并在尝试运行时将它们添加到类路径中。您的 cmd 命令不会复制它。

这个问题有两种解决方法:

• 将所需的一切添加到类路径中。这可能涉及使用 -cp 参数创建一个包含每个所需库路径的 .bat 文件
• 创建 .jar 文件，使其包含所有必需的依赖项。

第二个解决方案在理论上听起来要好得多，并且可以在 Maven 中使用(例如)OneJar 实现或 Maven Shade Plugin

我的一个项目中 Maven Shade 插件 的配置:

<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<executions>
    <execution>
        <phase>package</phase>
        <goals>
            <goal>shade</goal>
        </goals>
        <configuration>
            <transformers>
                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                    <manifestEntries>
                        <Main-Class>my.package.tree.Main</Main-Class>
                    </manifestEntries>
                </transformer>
            </transformers>
            <filters>
                <filter>
                    <!-- Exclude files that sign a jar (one or multiple of the dependencies). 
                        One may not repack a signed jar without this, or you will get a SecurityException 
                        at program start. -->
                    <artifact>*:*</artifact>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
                        <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
                        <exclude>META-INF/*.INF</exclude> <!-- This one may not be required -->
                    </excludes>
                </filter>
            </filters>
        </configuration>
    </execution>
</executions>
</plugin>