maxima - Maxima ezunits 中的比较(例如 <)在 Maxima 5.42.0 中比 5.41.0 慢很多

Question

对我来说，这个比较的运行时间:1`g < 2`g在 Maxima 5.42.0(以及 5.42.2、5.43.0 和 5.43.2)中似乎比在 5.41.0 中慢很多。 (请注意，第一次运行总是较慢。)

5.41.0 和 5.42.0 之间是否有可能导致这种减速的变化？还是我做错了什么？

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示例运行时间:

带有 SBCL 1.5.7 的 Maxima 5.41.0

Maxima 5.41.0 http://maxima.sourceforge.net
using Lisp SBCL 1.5.7
Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING.
Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter.
The function bug_report() provides bug reporting information.
(%i1) showtime:true;
Evaluation took 0.0000 seconds (0.0000 elapsed) using 0 bytes.
(%o1)                                true
(%i2) load(ezunits);
Evaluation took 2.7650 seconds (2.7780 elapsed) using 1046.148 MB.
(%o2)      /usr/local/share/maxima/5.41.0/share/ezunits/ezunits.mac
(%i3) 1`g < 1`g;
Evaluation took 0.0860 seconds (0.0860 elapsed) using 33.078 MB.
(%o3)                                1 < 1
(%i4) 1`g < 1`g;
Evaluation took 0.0040 seconds (0.0040 elapsed) using 511.469 KB.
(%o4)                                1 < 1
(%i5) 1`g < 1`g;
Evaluation took 0.0040 seconds (0.0040 elapsed) using 543.547 KB.
(%o5)                                1 < 1

带有 SBCL 1.5.7 的 Maxima 5.42.0

Maxima 5.42.0 http://maxima.sourceforge.net
using Lisp SBCL 1.5.7
Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING.
Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter.
The function bug_report() provides bug reporting information.
(%i1) showtime:true;
Evaluation took 0.0000 seconds (0.0010 elapsed) using 0 bytes.
(%o1)                                true
(%i2) load(ezunits);
Evaluation took 2.6460 seconds (2.6600 elapsed) using 1033.502 MB.
(%o2)      /usr/local/share/maxima/5.42.0/share/ezunits/ezunits.mac
(%i3) 1`g < 2`g;
Evaluation took 1.0400 seconds (1.0400 elapsed) using 434.087 MB.
(%o3)                                1 < 2
(%i4) 1`g < 2`g;
Evaluation took 0.4350 seconds (0.4360 elapsed) using 170.099 MB.
(%o4)                                1 < 2
(%i5) 1`g < 2`g;
Evaluation took 0.4330 seconds (0.4340 elapsed) using 170.119 MB.
(%o5)                                1 < 2

这似乎与 Lisp 版本无关。

带有 Clisp 2.49 的 Maxima 5.42.0

Maxima 5.42.0 http://maxima.sourceforge.net
using Lisp CLISP 2.49 (2010-07-07)
Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING.
Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter.
The function bug_report() provides bug reporting information.
(%i1) showtime:true;
Evaluation took 0.0000 seconds (0.0000 elapsed) using 56 bytes.
(%o1)                                true
(%i2) load(ezunits);
Evaluation took 5.4127 seconds (5.4136 elapsed) using 82.926 MB.
(%o2)      /usr/local/share/maxima/5.42.0/share/ezunits/ezunits.mac
(%i3) 1`g < 2`g;
Evaluation took 1.7984 seconds (1.7984 elapsed) using 53.569 MB.
(%o3)                                1 < 2
(%i4) 1`g < 2`g;
Evaluation took 0.1951 seconds (0.1951 elapsed) using 3.291 MB.
(%o4)                                1 < 2
(%i5) 1`g < 2`g;
Evaluation took 0.1597 seconds (0.1598 elapsed) using 3.291 MB.
(%o5)                                1 < 2

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我在 Docker 中自己编译了 Maxima 和 Lisp 版本，因此我可以使用以下命令在 AWS Lambda 上运行它:

wget --quiet --output-document sbcl-1.5.7-source.tar.bz2 https://sourceforge.net/projects/sbcl/files/sbcl/1.5.7/sbcl-1.5.7-source.tar.bz2/download \
    && tar --bzip2 -xf sbcl-1.5.7-source.tar.bz2 \
    && cd sbcl-1.5.7 \
    && sh make.sh "clisp" \
    && sh install.sh

wget --quiet --output-document maxima-5.42.0.tar.gz https://sourceforge.net/projects/maxima/files/Maxima-source/5.42.0-source/maxima-5.42.0.tar.gz/download \
    && tar -xzvf maxima-5.42.0.tar.gz \
    && cd maxima-5.42.0 \
    && ./configure --enable-sbcl-exec \
    && make \
    && make install

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更新

我们已尝试自行调查此问题。不幸的是，我们对 lisp 的经验不足，无法找到解决方案。

我们确实发现，当我们使用使用 GCL 的 Maxima 5.43.0 预编译版本时，性能很好。该版本可以在这里找到:https://sourceforge.net/projects/maxima/files/Maxima-Linux/5.43.0-Linux/

带有 GCL 2.6.12 的 Maxima 5.43.0

Maxima 5.43.0 http://maxima.sourceforge.net
using Lisp GNU Common Lisp (GCL) GCL 2.6.12
Distributed under the GNU Public License. See the file COPYING.
Dedicated to the memory of William Schelter.
The function bug_report() provides bug reporting information.
(%i1) showtime:true;
Evaluation took 0.0000 seconds (0.0000 elapsed)
(%o1)                                true
(%i2) load(ezunits);
Evaluation took 0.4100 seconds (0.5600 elapsed)
(%o2)         /usr/share/maxima/5.43.0/share/ezunits/ezunits.mac
(%i3) 1`g < 2`g;
Evaluation took 0.1700 seconds (0.1700 elapsed)
(%o3)                                1 < 2
(%i4) 1`g < 2`g;
Evaluation took 0.0500 seconds (0.0500 elapsed)
(%o4)                                1 < 2

这也是在 docker 容器中运行的。 Maxima 是使用这些命令安装的:

wget --quiet https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/maxima/Maxima-Linux/5.43.0-Linux/maxima-5.43.0-1.x86_64.rpm \
    && wget --quiet https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/maxima/Maxima-Linux/5.43.0-Linux/maxima-exec-gcl-5.43.0-1.x86_64.rpm \
    && rpm --install --verbose --hash maxima-5.43.0-1.x86_64.rpm maxima-exec-gcl-5.43.0-1.x86_64.rpm

Answer 1

跟踪一些涉及的功能，看起来大部分时间都在处理1 ` g < 2 ` g花费在dimensions ，这是一个计算单位尺寸(质量、时间、长度等)的函数，在dimensions中, 大部分时间花在名为 rff 的表达式匹配规则中看起来像这样:

(%i22) disprule(rff);
(%t22) rff : dimensions(ff%) -> block([ff%2 : 
ev(ff%, args(known_unit_conversions), infeval)], 
if ff%2 # ff% then dimensions(ff%2) else dimensions(ff%))

在这里ff%是一个符号，例如 g . rff的效果是转换g至 kg/1000 ，然后一些其他规则对 kg 进行操作(和 1000 )发现维度是 mass .

ev(ff%, args(known_unit_conversions), infeval)是一种找到基本单位的简单方法，但正如您所指出的那样，它相对较慢，因为它把整个单位转换列表都带入了画面，而实际上只需要一个。我同意一种更有效的方法是可取的，因为它可能会加快一般单元的操作。请随时提交有关此问题的错误报告 ( https://sourceforge.net/p/maxima/bugs/)。

我没有查看提交历史，所以我不知道版本之间发生了什么变化。无论如何，目前版本的瓶颈在哪里似乎很清楚。