python - 如何在 Selenium 和 Python 中使用类型查找元素

Question

我有以下 html 代码。

<div align="center">
    <input type="file" name="filePath"><br>
    <input type="Submit" value="Upload File"><br>
</div>

我正在尝试使用 Selenium 和 Python 找到"file"和“提交”这两个元素。下面是我尝试使用的代码。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

# create a new Firefox session
driver = webdriver.Chrome()

# Maximize the browser window
driver.maximize_window()

# Enter the url to load
driver.get("<<MY PAGE TO LOAD>>")

# Wait for the page to load
driver.implicitly_wait(5)

# find the upload file type and pass a test value
upload_field = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('file')
upload_field.clear()
upload_field.send_keys("test")

当我运行此代码时，我能够在 Chrome 浏览器中成功加载页面，但出现以下异常。

# Exception when trying to get element by type
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\TEST\Desktop\Test.py", line 33, in <module>
    upload_field = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('file')
  File "C:\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 453, in find_element_by_partial_link_text
    return self.find_element(by=By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, value=link_text)
  File "C:\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 955, in find_element
    'value': value})['value']
  File "C:\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 312, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 237, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException: Message: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"partial link text","selector":"file"}
  (Session info: chrome=63.0.3239.132)
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.35.528161 (5b82f2d2aae0ca24b877009200ced9065a772e73),platform=Windows NT 10.0.14393 x86_64)

我查看了 here 提供的解决方案，但这也引发了错误。我目前正在使用 Python 3.6.4 x64 和 Selenium 3.8.1。我的操作系统是 Windows 7 x64 位。如何在 html 中获取带有“type”的元素？

Answer 1

结帐 the docs 查找元素。我发现 xpaths 或 css 选择器特别强大，因为它们非常通用。

路径

upload_field = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@type='file']")

css 选择器

upload_field = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='filePath'][type='file']")