我最近一直在为 ArchLinux 开发一个简单的全自动安装程序。
我想在 LVM 中使用 LUKS 以获得更大的灵活性。对于具有单个磁盘的 BIOS 系统,它应该如下所示:
Raw Partitions
+-----------+------+-------+-----------+
| Partition | Name | Size | Flags |
+-----------+------+-------+-----------+
| /dev/sda1 | grub | 2MB | bios_grub |
| /dev/sda2 | boot | 200MB | boot |
| /dev/sda3 | lvm | | lvm |
+-----------+------+-------+-----------+
LVM Partitions
+-------------+--------------+-------+------+
| LVM Device | LUKS Device | Name | Size |
+-------------+--------------+-------+------+
| LvmDvc-root | LuksDvc-root | root | 2GB |
| LvmDvc-home | LuksDvc-home | home | 2GB |
| LvmDvc-var | LuksDvc-var | var | 1G |
| LvmDvc-usr | LuksDvc-usr | usr | 1G |
| LvmDvc-swap | LuksDvc-swap | swap | 4G |
+-------------+--------------+-------+------+
LvmDvc-root
解密为LuksDvc-root
使用密码。所有其他 LVM 设备都使用存储在
/etc/ctyptkeys
中的 key 解密。 .分区安装为:
/dev/mapper/LuksDvc-root -> /
/dev/sda2 -> /boot
/dev/mapper/LuksDvc-home -> /home
/dev/mapper/LuksDvc-var -> /var
/dev/mapper/LuksDvc-usr -> /usr
据我所知,磁盘分区和系统安装工作得很好。我收到大量关于
lvmetad
的错误在 grub 配置期间未加载,但 Arch 维基中的文档表明这不是问题( https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB#UEFI_systems_2 )。我在之前版本的脚本中也收到了这些相同的错误(使用 LVM,但不是 LUKS),并且它生成了一个可引导系统。所以我不认为这个错误信息表明有问题。当我启动系统时,我通过 GRUB 就好了。我看到一个对话来解密根分区:
A password is required to access the LuksDvc-root volume:
Enter passphrase for /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-root:
我输入了安装过程中使用的密码,并收到以下消息:
No key available with this passphrase.
我正在使用一个非常简单的密码进行测试(asdfasdf),所以我怀疑我把它搞砸了。我可以毫无意外地从实时安装程序解密和挂载整个系统,但我无法在启动时让它发生。
我不确定哪些信息对解决这个问题最有帮助。这是我用来安装系统的脚本:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -ex -o pipefail -o nounset
# Raw Partitioning
parted --script --align optimal -- /dev/sda mklabel gpt
parted --script --align optimal -- /dev/sda mkpart primary 2 4
parted --script --align optimal -- /dev/sda name 1 bios_grub
parted --script --align optimal -- /dev/sda set 1 bios_grub on
parted --script --align optimal -- /dev/sda mkpart primary 4 204
parted --script --align optimal -- /dev/sda name 2 boot
parted --script --align optimal -- /dev/sda set 2 boot on
parted --script --align optimal -- /dev/sda mkpart primary 204 -1
parted --script --align optimal -- /dev/sda name 3 lvm
parted --script --align optimal -- /dev/sda set 3 lvm on
# LVM Partitioning
pvcreate -ff --yes /dev/sda3
vgcreate LvmDvc /dev/sda3
lvcreate --zero y --wipesignatures y --name root --size 2G LvmDvc
lvcreate --zero y --wipesignatures y --name home --size 2G LvmDvc
lvcreate --zero y --wipesignatures y --name var --size 1G LvmDvc
lvcreate --zero y --wipesignatures y --name usr --size 1G LvmDvc
lvcreate --zero y --wipesignatures y --name swap --size 4G LvmDvc
# Root Partition
echo asdfasdf | cryptsetup -q --key-file - luksFormat /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-root
echo asdfasdf | cryptsetup -q --key-file - luksOpen /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-root LuksDvc-root
mkfs.ext4 -q /dev/mapper/LuksDvc-root
mkdir -p /mnt/archbox
mount /dev/mapper/LuksDvc-root /mnt/archbox
# Boot Partition
mkfs.ext4 -q /dev/sda2
# Encrypted Partitions
mkdir -p /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys
chmod 400 /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys
dd if=/dev/random of=/mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/home bs=512 count=4 iflag=fullblock
chmod 400 /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/home
cryptsetup -q --key-file /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/home luksFormat /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-home
cryptsetup -q --key-file /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/home luksOpen /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-home LuksDvc-home
mkfs.ext4 -q /dev/mapper/LuksDvc-home
dd if=/dev/random of=/mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/var bs=512 count=4 iflag=fullblock
chmod 400 /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/var
cryptsetup -q --key-file /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/var luksFormat /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-var
cryptsetup -q --key-file /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/var luksOpen /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-var LuksDvc-var
mkfs.ext4 -q /dev/mapper/LuksDvc-var
dd if=/dev/random of=/mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/usr bs=512 count=4 iflag=fullblock
chmod 400 /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/usr
cryptsetup -q --key-file /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/usr luksFormat /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-usr
cryptsetup -q --key-file /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/usr luksOpen /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-usr LuksDvc-usr
mkfs.ext4 -q /dev/mapper/LuksDvc-usr
dd if=/dev/random of=/mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/swap bs=512 count=4 iflag=fullblock
chmod 400 /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/swap
cryptsetup -q --key-file /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/swap luksFormat /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-swap
cryptsetup -q --key-file /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/swap luksOpen /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-swap LuksDvc-swap
mkswap /dev/mapper/LuksDvc-swap
# Mount
mkdir -p /mnt/archbox/boot
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/archbox/boot
mkdir -p /mnt/archbox/home
mount /dev/mapper/LuksDvc-home /mnt/archbox/home
mkdir -p /mnt/archbox/var
mount /dev/mapper/LuksDvc-var /mnt/archbox/var
mkdir -p /mnt/archbox/usr
mount /dev/mapper/LuksDvc-usr /mnt/archbox/usr
swapon /dev/mapper/LuksDvc-swap
# Packages
mkdir -p ./cache-dir
rm -f /mnt/archbox/var/lib/pacman/db.lck
pacstrap /mnt/archbox --cachedir ./cache-dir base grub
# Root password
echo "root:asdfasdf" | chpasswd --root /mnt/archbox
# FSTab
genfstab -U -p /mnt/archbox >> /mnt/archbox/etc/fstab
# CryptTab
echo "" > /mnt/archbox/etc/crypttab
echo "home /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-home /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/home" >> /mnt/archbox/etc/crypttab
echo "usr /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-usr /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/usr" >> /mnt/archbox/etc/crypttab
echo "var /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-var /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/var" >> /mnt/archbox/etc/crypttab
echo "swap /dev/mapper/LvmDvc-swap /mnt/archbox/etc/cryptkeys/swap" >> /mnt/archbox/etc/crypttab
# Ramdisk
file=/mnt/archbox/etc/mkinitcpio.conf
search="^\s*MODULES=.*$"
replace="MODULES=\\\"virtio virtio_blk virtio_pci virtio_net\\\""
grep -q "$search" "$file" && sed -i "s#$search#$replace#" "$file" || echo "$replace" >> "$file"
search="^\s*HOOKS=.*$"
replace="HOOKS=\\\"base udev autodetect modconf block keymap encrypt lvm2 filesystems keyboard shutdown fsck usr\\\""
grep -q "$search" "$file" && sed -i "s#$search#$replace#" "$file" || echo "$replace" >> "$file"
arch-chroot /mnt/archbox mkinitcpio -p linux
# Bootloader
arch-chroot /mnt/archbox grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda
file=/mnt/archbox/etc/default/grub
search="^\s*GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=.*$"
replace="GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\\\"init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd cryptdevice=/dev/mapper/LvmDvc-root:LuksDvc-root root=/dev/mapper/LuksDvc-root quiet\\\""
grep -q "$search" "$file" && sed -i "s#$search#$replace#" "$file" || echo "$replace" >> "$file"
search="^\s*GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=.*$"
replace="GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true"
grep -q "$search" "$file" && sed -i "s#$search#$replace#" "$file" || echo "$replace" >> "$file"
arch-chroot /mnt/archbox grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
有没有什么明显的错误?我应该怎么做?我可以提供其他/特定信息吗?
tl;dr - 安装脚本似乎有效,但我无法在启动时解密系统。呸!
最佳答案
我发现了主要问题:格式化根 LUKS 卷应该使用密码完成,而不是 key 文件。去掉选项--key-file -
关于根卷的格式和打开修复了我看到的问题。
脚本中还有一些其他问题,但我会在尝试并未能修复它们后回来。
关于shell - 为什么我的 Arch Linux 全自动安装程序不工作?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23504966/