python - Bert 嵌入层使用 BiLSTM 引发 `Type Error: unsupported operand type(s) for +: ' None Type' 和 'int' `

Question

我在将 Bert 嵌入层集成到 BiLSTM 模型中以进行词义消歧任务时遇到问题，

Windows 10
Python 3.6.4
TenorFlow 1.12
Keras 2.2.4
No virtual environments were used
PyCharm Professional 2019.2

整个剧本

import os
import yaml
import numpy as np
from argparse import ArgumentParser

import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow_hub as hub
from tensorflow.keras.layers import (LSTM, Add, Bidirectional, Dense, Input, TimeDistributed, Embedding)

from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.sequence import pad_sequences

try:
    from bert.tokenization import FullTokenizer
except ModuleNotFoundError:
    os.system('pip install bert-tensorflow')

from tensorflow.keras.models import Model
from tensorflow.keras import backend as K
from tqdm import tqdm

from keras_bert import BertEmbeddingLayer
from model_utils import visualize_plot_mdl
from parsing_dataset import load_dataset
from utilities import configure_tf, initialize_logger


def parse_args():
    parser = ArgumentParser(description="WSD")
    parser.add_argument("--model_type", default='baseline', type=str,
                        help="""Choose the model: baseline: BiLSTM Model.
                                attention: Attention Stacked BiLSTM Model.
                                seq2seq: Seq2Seq Attention.""")

    return vars(parser.parse_args())


def train_model(mdl, data, epochs=1, batch_size=32):
    [train_input_ids, train_input_masks, train_segment_ids], train_labels = data
    history = mdl.fit([train_input_ids, train_input_masks, train_segment_ids],
                      train_labels, epochs=epochs, batch_size=batch_size)
    return history


def baseline_model(output_size):
    hidden_size = 128
    max_seq_len = 64

    in_id = Input(shape=(None,), name="input_ids")
    in_mask = Input(shape=(None,), name="input_masks")
    in_segment = Input(shape=(None,), name="segment_ids")
    bert_inputs = [in_id, in_mask, in_segment]

    bert_embedding = BertEmbeddingLayer()(bert_inputs)
    embedding_size = 768

    bilstm = Bidirectional(LSTM(hidden_size, dropout=0.2,
                                recurrent_dropout=0.2,
                                return_sequences=True
                                )
                           )(bert_embedding)

    output = TimeDistributed(Dense(output_size, activation="softmax"))(bilstm)

    mdl = Model(inputs=bert_inputs, outputs=output, name="Bert_BiLSTM")

    mdl.compile(loss="sparse_categorical_crossentropy",
                optimizer='adadelta', metrics=["acc"])

    return mdl


def initialize_vars(sess):
    sess.run(tf.local_variables_initializer())
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
    sess.run(tf.tables_initializer())
    K.set_session(sess)


class PaddingInputExample(object):
    """Fake example so the num input examples is a multiple of the batch size.
  When running eval/predict on the TPU, we need to pad the number of examples
  to be a multiple of the batch size, because the TPU requires a fixed batch
  size. The alternative is to drop the last batch, which is bad because it means
  the entire output data won't be generated.
  We use this class instead of `None` because treating `None` as padding
  batches could cause silent errors.
  """

class InputExample(object):
    """A single training/test example for simple sequence classification."""

    def __init__(self, guid, text_a, text_b=None, label=None):
        """Constructs a InputExample.
    Args:
      guid: Unique id for the example.
      text_a: string. The un-tokenized text of the first sequence. For single
        sequence tasks, only this sequence must be specified.
      text_b: (Optional) string. The un-tokenized text of the second sequence.
        Only must be specified for sequence pair tasks.
      label: (Optional) string. The label of the example. This should be
        specified for train and dev examples, but not for test examples.
    """
        self.guid = guid
        self.text_a = text_a
        self.text_b = text_b
        self.label = label


def create_tokenizer_from_hub_module(bert_path="https://tfhub.dev/google/bert_uncased_L-12_H-768_A-12/1"):
    """Get the vocab file and casing info from the Hub module."""
    bert_module = hub.Module(bert_path)
    tokenization_info = bert_module(signature="tokenization_info", as_dict=True)
    vocab_file, do_lower_case = sess.run(
        [
            tokenization_info["vocab_file"],
            tokenization_info["do_lower_case"],
        ]
    )

    return FullTokenizer(vocab_file=vocab_file, do_lower_case=do_lower_case)


def convert_single_example(tokenizer, example, max_seq_length=256):
    """Converts a single `InputExample` into a single `InputFeatures`."""

    if isinstance(example, PaddingInputExample):
        input_ids = [0] * max_seq_length
        input_mask = [0] * max_seq_length
        segment_ids = [0] * max_seq_length
        label = [0] * max_seq_length
        return input_ids, input_mask, segment_ids, label

    tokens_a = tokenizer.tokenize(example.text_a)
    if len(tokens_a) > max_seq_length - 2:
        tokens_a = tokens_a[0: (max_seq_length - 2)]

    tokens = []
    segment_ids = []
    tokens.append("[CLS]")
    segment_ids.append(0)
    example.label.append(0)
    for token in tokens_a:
        tokens.append(token)
        segment_ids.append(0)
    tokens.append("[SEP]")
    segment_ids.append(0)
    example.label.append(0)

    input_ids = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(tokens)

    # The mask has 1 for real tokens and 0 for padding tokens. Only real
    # tokens are attended to.
    input_mask = [1] * len(input_ids)

    # Zero-pad up to the sequence length.
    while len(input_ids) < max_seq_length:
        input_ids.append(0)
        input_mask.append(0)
        segment_ids.append(0)
        example.label.append(0)

    assert len(input_ids) == max_seq_length
    assert len(input_mask) == max_seq_length
    assert len(segment_ids) == max_seq_length

    return input_ids, input_mask, segment_ids, example.label


def convert_examples_to_features(tokenizer, examples, max_seq_length=256):
    """Convert a set of `InputExample`s to a list of `InputFeatures`."""

    input_ids, input_masks, segment_ids, labels = [], [], [], []
    for example in tqdm(examples, desc="Converting examples to features"):
        input_id, input_mask, segment_id, label = convert_single_example(tokenizer, example, max_seq_length)
        input_ids.append(np.array(input_id))
        input_masks.append(np.array(input_mask))
        segment_ids.append(np.array(segment_id))
        labels.append(np.array(label))
    return np.array(input_ids), np.array(input_masks), np.array(segment_ids), np.array(labels).reshape(-1, 1)


def convert_text_to_examples(texts, labels):
    """Create InputExamples"""
    InputExamples = []
    for text, label in zip(texts, labels):
        InputExamples.append(
            InputExample(guid=None, text_a=" ".join(text), text_b=None, label=label)
        )
    return InputExamples


# Initialize session
sess = tf.Session()

params = parse_args()
initialize_logger()
configure_tf()

# Load our config file
config_file_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "config.yaml")
config_file = open(config_file_path)
config_params = yaml.load(config_file)

# This parameter allow that train_x to be in form of words, to allow using of your keras-elmo layer
elmo = config_params["use_elmo"]  
dataset = load_dataset(elmo=elmo)
vocabulary_size = dataset.get("vocabulary_size")
output_size = dataset.get("output_size")

# Parse data in Bert format
max_seq_length = 64
train_x = dataset.get("train_x")
train_text = [' '.join(x) for x in train_x]
train_text = [' '.join(t.split()[0:max_seq_length]) for t in train_text]
train_text = np.array(train_text, dtype=object)[:, np.newaxis]
# print(train_text.shape)  # (37184, 1)
train_labels = dataset.get("train_y")

# Instantiate tokenizer
tokenizer = create_tokenizer_from_hub_module()

# Convert data to InputExample format
train_examples = convert_text_to_examples(train_text, train_labels)

# Extract features
(train_input_ids, train_input_masks, train_segment_ids, train_labels) = convert_examples_to_features(tokenizer, train_examples, max_seq_length=max_seq_length)

bert_inputs = [train_input_ids, train_input_masks, train_segment_ids]
data = bert_inputs, train_labels
del dataset

model = baseline_model(output_size)

# Instantiate variables
initialize_vars(sess)

history = train_model(model, data)

图层 BertEmbeddingLayer()进口自 strongio/keras-bert ，以及按照文件中的方法集成我的工作但是我总是有这个错误，请检查下面的回溯(构建模型时引发异常)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "code/prova_bert.py", line 230, in <module>
    model = baseline_model(output_size, max_seq_len, visualize=True)
  File "code/prova_bert.py", line 165, in baseline_model
    )(bert_embeddings)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\keras\layers\wrappers.py", line 473, in __call__
    return super(Bidirectional, self).__call__(inputs, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\keras\engine\base_layer.py", line 746, in __call__
    self.build(input_shapes)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\keras\layers\wrappers.py", line 612, in build
    self.forward_layer.build(input_shape)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\keras\utils\tf_utils.py", line 149, in wrapper
    output_shape = fn(instance, input_shape)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\keras\layers\recurrent.py", line 552, in build
    self.cell.build(step_input_shape)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\keras\utils\tf_utils.py", line 149, in wrapper
    output_shape = fn(instance, input_shape)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\keras\layers\recurrent.py", line 1934, in build
    constraint=self.kernel_constraint)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\keras\engine\base_layer.py", line 609, in add_weight
    aggregation=aggregation)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\training\checkpointable\base.py", line 639, in _add_variable_with_custom_getter
    **kwargs_for_getter)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\keras\engine\base_layer.py", line 1977, in make_variable
    aggregation=aggregation)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\ops\variables.py", line 183, in __call__
    return cls._variable_v1_call(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\ops\variables.py", line 146, in _variable_v1_call
    aggregation=aggregation)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\ops\variables.py", line 125, in <lambda>
    previous_getter = lambda **kwargs: default_variable_creator(None, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\ops\variable_scope.py", line 2437, in default_variable_creator
    import_scope=import_scope)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\ops\variables.py", line 187, in __call__
    return super(VariableMetaclass, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\ops\resource_variable_ops.py", line 297, in __init__
    constraint=constraint)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\ops\resource_variable_ops.py", line 409, in _init_from_args
    initial_value() if init_from_fn else initial_value,
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\keras\engine\base_layer.py", line 1959, in <lambda>
    shape, dtype=dtype, partition_info=partition_info)
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\ops\init_ops.py", line 473, in __call__
    scale /= max(1., (fan_in + fan_out) / 2.)
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'NoneType' and 'int'
Exception ignored in: <bound method BaseSession.__del__ of <tensorflow.python.client.session.Session object at 0x0000026396AD0630>>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Sheikh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\client\session.py", line 738, in __del__
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable

请引用我的issue在他们的 repo 上以及提供给模型的数据示例，请查看此 issue

Answer 1

首先，“均值”或“第一”池化的结果不适用于所有 token ，因此您必须在 call() 中进行更改功能:

elif self.pooling == "mean": 
    result = self.bert(inputs=bert_inputs, signature="tokens", as_dict=True)["sequence_output" ] 
    pooled = result

在 build_model 中，更改为:

embedding_size = 768
in_id = Input(shape=(max_seq_length,), name="input_ids") 
in_mask = Input(shape=(max_seq_length,), name="input_masks")
in_segment = Input(shape=(max_seq_length,), name="segment_ids")

bert_inputs = [in_id, in_mask, in_segment] 
bert_output = BertLayer(n_fine_tune_layers=12, pooling="mean")(bert_inputs) 
bert_output = Reshape((max_seq_length, embedding_size))(bert_output) 

bilstm = Bidirectional(LSTM(128, dropout=0.2,recurrent_dropout=0.2,return_sequences=True))(bert_output)
output = Dense(output_size, activation="softmax")(bilstm)