所以我是个新手，正在阅读 Michael Hartl 的 Rails 教程。尝试使用carrierwave、fog-aws 配置图片上传到S3 AWS 时，我完全陷入困境。推送到 heroku 时，出现以下错误:
加载错误:无法加载此类文件 -- 雾
作为旁注，我尝试在开发模式下使用完全相同的代码，rails 服务器运行良好，我能够成功将文件上传到 AWS。所以这不是 AWS 的配置设置问题。尝试将应用程序推送到 Heroku 时出现了我的问题。
这是我的设置:
gem 文件
source 'https://rubygems.org'
gem 'rails', '5.1.4'
gem 'bcrypt', git: 'https://github.com/codahale/bcrypt-ruby.git', :require => 'bcrypt'
gem 'faker', '1.7.3'
gem 'carrierwave', '1.0.0'
gem 'fog-aws', '2.0.0'
gem 'mini_magick', '4.7.0'
gem 'nokogiri', '1.8.1'
gem 'will_paginate', '3.1.6'
gem 'bootstrap-will_paginate', '1.0.0'
gem 'bootstrap-sass', '3.3.7'
gem 'puma', '3.9.1'
gem 'sass-rails', '5.0.6'
gem 'uglifier', '3.2.0'
gem 'coffee-rails', '4.2.2'
gem 'jquery-rails', '4.3.1'
gem 'turbolinks', '5.0.1'
gem 'jbuilder', '2.7.0'
group :development, :test do
gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.13'
gem 'byebug', '9.0.6', platform: :mri
end
group :development do
gem 'web-console', '3.5.1'
gem 'listen', '3.0.8'
gem 'spring', '2.0.2'
gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '2.0.1'
end
group :test do
gem 'rails-controller-testing', '1.0.2'
gem 'minitest-reporters', '1.1.14'
gem 'guard', '2.13.0'
gem 'guard-minitest', '2.4.4'
end
group :production do
gem 'pg', '0.18.4'
end
# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]
应用程序/上传者/picture_uploader.rb
class PictureUploader < CarrierWave::Uploader::Base
include CarrierWave::MiniMagick
process resize_to_limit: [400, 400]
if Rails.env.production?
storage :fog
else
storage :file
end
配置/初始化程序/carrierwave.rb
if Rails.env.production?
CarrierWave.configure do |config|
config.fog_provider = 'fog/aws'
config.fog_credentials = {
# Configuration for Amazon S3
:provider => 'AWS',
:aws_access_key_id => ENV['S3_ACCESS_KEY'],
:aws_secret_access_key => ENV['S3_SECRET_KEY'],
:region => ENV['S3_REGION'],
}
config.cache_dir = "#{Rails.root}/tmp/uploads" # For Heroku
config.fog_directory = ENV['S3_BUCKET']
config.fog_public = true
config.fog_attributes = { 'Cache-Control' => "max-age=#{365.day.to_i}" }
end
end
Heroku 日志有错误:
! Warning: Multiple default buildpacks reported the ability to handle this app. The first buildpack in the list below will be used.
Detected buildpacks: Ruby,Node.js
See https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks#buildpack-detect-order
-----> Ruby app detected
-----> Compiling Ruby/Rails
-----> Using Ruby version: ruby-2.3.4
###### WARNING:
Removing `Gemfile.lock` because it was generated on Windows.
Bundler will do a full resolve so native gems are handled properly.
This may result in unexpected gem versions being used in your app.
In rare occasions Bundler may not be able to resolve your dependencies at all.
https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/bundler-windows-gemfile
-----> Installing dependencies using bundler 1.15.2
Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/bundle --binstubs vendor/bundle/bin -j4
Fetching https://github.com/codahale/bcrypt-ruby.git
The dependency tzinfo-data (>= 0) will be unused by any of the platforms Bundler is installing for. Bundler is installing for ruby but the dependency is only for x86-mingw32, x86-mswin32, x64-mingw32, java. To add those platforms to the bundle, run `bundle lock --add-platform x86-mingw32 x86-mswin32 x64-mingw32 java`.
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
Fetching version metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
Fetching dependency metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
Resolving dependencies...
Fetching rake 12.3.0
Fetching concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
Fetching minitest 5.10.3
Installing minitest 5.10.3
Installing rake 12.3.0
Installing concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
Fetching thread_safe 0.3.6
Installing thread_safe 0.3.6
Fetching builder 3.2.3
Installing builder 3.2.3
Fetching erubi 1.7.0
Fetching mini_portile2 2.3.0
Installing erubi 1.7.0
Fetching crass 1.0.3
Installing mini_portile2 2.3.0
Fetching rack 2.0.3
Installing crass 1.0.3
Fetching nio4r 2.2.0
Installing rack 2.0.3
Installing nio4r 2.2.0 with native extensions
Fetching websocket-extensions 0.1.3
Installing websocket-extensions 0.1.3
Fetching mini_mime 1.0.0
Installing mini_mime 1.0.0
Fetching arel 8.0.0
Installing arel 8.0.0
Fetching execjs 2.7.0
Using bcrypt 3.1.11 from https://github.com/codahale/bcrypt-ruby.git (at master@f2db689)
Installing execjs 2.7.0
Fetching rb-fsevent 0.10.2
Installing rb-fsevent 0.10.2
Fetching ffi 1.9.18
Installing ffi 1.9.18 with native extensions
Fetching will_paginate 3.1.6
Installing will_paginate 3.1.6
Using bundler 1.15.2
Fetching mime-types-data 3.2016.0521
Installing mime-types-data 3.2016.0521
Fetching coffee-script-source 1.12.2
Installing coffee-script-source 1.12.2
Fetching method_source 0.9.0
Installing method_source 0.9.0
Fetching thor 0.20.0
Installing thor 0.20.0
Fetching excon 0.60.0
Installing excon 0.60.0
Fetching formatador 0.2.5
Installing formatador 0.2.5
Fetching multi_json 1.12.2
Installing multi_json 1.12.2
Fetching ipaddress 0.8.3
Installing ipaddress 0.8.3
Fetching mini_magick 4.7.0
Installing mini_magick 4.7.0
Fetching pg 0.18.4
Installing pg 0.18.4 with native extensions
Fetching puma 3.9.1
Installing puma 3.9.1 with native extensions
Fetching tilt 2.0.8
Installing tilt 2.0.8
Fetching turbolinks-source 5.0.3
Installing turbolinks-source 5.0.3
Fetching i18n 0.9.1
Installing i18n 0.9.1
Fetching tzinfo 1.2.4
Installing tzinfo 1.2.4
Fetching nokogiri 1.8.1
Installing nokogiri 1.8.1 with native extensions
Fetching websocket-driver 0.6.5
Installing websocket-driver 0.6.5 with native extensions
Fetching mail 2.7.0
Installing mail 2.7.0
Fetching rack-test 0.8.2
Installing rack-test 0.8.2
Fetching sprockets 3.7.1
Installing sprockets 3.7.1
Fetching autoprefixer-rails 7.2.3
Installing autoprefixer-rails 7.2.3
Fetching uglifier 3.2.0
Installing uglifier 3.2.0
Fetching bootstrap-will_paginate 1.0.0
Installing bootstrap-will_paginate 1.0.0
Fetching mime-types 3.1
Installing mime-types 3.1
Fetching coffee-script 2.4.1
Installing coffee-script 2.4.1
Fetching fog-core 1.45.0
Installing fog-core 1.45.0
Fetching rb-inotify 0.9.10
Installing rb-inotify 0.9.10
Fetching turbolinks 5.0.1
Installing turbolinks 5.0.1
Fetching faker 1.7.3
Installing faker 1.7.3
Fetching activesupport 5.1.4
Installing activesupport 5.1.4
Fetching fog-json 1.0.2
Installing fog-json 1.0.2
Fetching sass-listen 4.0.0
Installing sass-listen 4.0.0
Fetching globalid 0.4.1
Installing globalid 0.4.1
Fetching activemodel 5.1.4
Installing activemodel 5.1.4
Fetching jbuilder 2.7.0
Installing jbuilder 2.7.0
Fetching sass 3.5.4
Installing sass 3.5.4
Fetching activejob 5.1.4
Installing activejob 5.1.4
Fetching activerecord 5.1.4
Installing activerecord 5.1.4
Fetching carrierwave 1.1.0
Installing carrierwave 1.1.0
Fetching bootstrap-sass 3.3.7
Installing bootstrap-sass 3.3.7
Fetching rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
Fetching loofah 2.1.1
Installing rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
Installing loofah 2.1.1
Fetching fog-xml 0.1.3
Installing fog-xml 0.1.3
Fetching rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3
Installing rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3
Fetching fog-aws 2.0.0
Fetching actionview 5.1.4
Installing actionview 5.1.4
Installing fog-aws 2.0.0
Fetching actionpack 5.1.4
Installing actionpack 5.1.4
Fetching actioncable 5.1.4
Fetching actionmailer 5.1.4
Installing actionmailer 5.1.4
Installing actioncable 5.1.4
Fetching railties 5.1.4
Fetching sprockets-rails 3.2.1
Installing sprockets-rails 3.2.1
Installing railties 5.1.4
Fetching coffee-rails 4.2.2
Fetching jquery-rails 4.3.1
Installing coffee-rails 4.2.2
Fetching rails 5.1.4
Installing rails 5.1.4
Fetching sass-rails 5.0.6
Installing sass-rails 5.0.6
Installing jquery-rails 4.3.1
Bundle complete! 29 Gemfile dependencies, 74 gems now installed.
Gems in the groups development and test were not installed.
Bundled gems are installed into ./vendor/bundle.
Bundle completed (32.67s)
Cleaning up the bundler cache.
-----> Installing node-v6.11.1-linux-x64
-----> Detecting rake tasks
-----> Preparing app for Rails asset pipeline
Running: rake assets:precompile
rake aborted!
LoadError: cannot load such file -- fog
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `block in require'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/carrierwave-1.1.0/lib/carrierwave/uploader/configuration.rb:122:in `eager_load_fog'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/carrierwave-1.1.0/lib/carrierwave/uploader/configuration.rb:137:in `fog_credentials='
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/config/initializers/carrier_wave.rb:3:in `block in <top (required)>'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/carrierwave-1.1.0/lib/carrierwave/uploader/configuration.rb:159:in `configure'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/carrierwave-1.1.0/lib/carrierwave.rb:14:in `configure'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/config/initializers/carrier_wave.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `block in load'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/engine.rb:655:in `block in load_config_initializer'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:168:in `instrument'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/engine.rb:654:in `load_config_initializer'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/engine.rb:612:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Engine>'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/engine.rb:611:in `each'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/engine.rb:611:in `block in <class:Engine>'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/initializable.rb:59:in `block in run_initializers'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/initializable.rb:48:in `each'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/initializable.rb:48:in `tsort_each_child'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/initializable.rb:58:in `run_initializers'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/application.rb:353:in `initialize!'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/application.rb:329:in `require'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/application.rb:329:in `require_environment!'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/application.rb:445:in `block in run_tasks_blocks'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sprockets-rails-3.2.1/lib/sprockets/rails/task.rb:62:in `block (2 levels) in define'
/tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
Tasks: TOP => environment
(See full trace by running task with --trace)
!
! Precompiling assets failed.
!
! Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app.
! Push failed
最佳答案
有同样的问题。我是这样解决的:
gem 文件:
gem 'fog-aws', group: :production
添加到 config/initializers/carrierwave.rb:
config.fog_provider = 'fog/aws'
在您不需要升级carrierwave之后。
关于ruby-on-rails - 加载到 Heroku 时的 Carrierwave/fog/AWS 问题 "cannot load such file -- fog"，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47993770/