我想使用 Spring + JUnit + Mockito 测试一个类,但我无法让它正常工作。
假设我的类引用了一个服务:
@Controller
public class MyController
{
@Autowired
private MyService service;
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
service.whatever();
}
public void doSomething() {
service.create();
}
}
该服务引用了一个存储库:
@Service
public class MyService {
@Autowired
private MyRepository repository;
public void whatever() {}
public void create() {
repository.save();
}
}
在测试 MyController 类时,我希望模拟该服务。问题是:即使服务被模拟,Spring 也会尝试将存储库注入(inject)模拟 .
这就是我所做的。测试类:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { MyControllerTestConfiguration.class })
public class MyControllerTest {
@Autowired
private MyController myController;
@Test
public void testDoSomething() {
myController.doSomething();
}
}
配置类:
@Configuration
public class MyControllerTestConfiguration {
@Bean
public MyController myController() {
return new MyController();
}
@Bean
public MyService myService() {
return Mockito.mock(MyService.class);
}
}
我得到的错误是:
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [test.test.MyRepository] found for dependency
我尝试使用 Mockito 的
@InjectMocks
初始化模拟。注释,但这失败了,因为 @PostConstruct
在模拟注入(inject)之前调用方法,生成 NullPointerException
.而且我不能简单地模拟存储库,因为在现实生活中这会让我模拟很多类......
谁可以帮我这个事?
最佳答案
使用构造函数而不是字段注入(inject)。这使测试变得容易得多。
@Service
public class MyService {
private final MyRepository repository;
@Autowired
public MyService(MyRepository repository) {
this.repository = repository;
}
public void whatever() {}
public void create() {
repository.save();
}
}
-
@Controller
public class MyController {
private final MyService service;
@Autowired
public MyController(MyService service) {
this.service = service;
}
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
service.whatever();
}
public void doSomething() {
service.create();
}
}
这有几个优点:
NullPointerException
. [The instance fields for the dependencies] can be final, so 1) they cannot be accidentally modified, and 2) any thread reading the field will read the same value.
丢弃
@Configuration
上课并写一个这样的测试:@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MyControllerTest {
@Mock
private MyRepository repository;
@InjectMocks
private MyService service;
@Test
public void testDoSomething() {
MyController myController = new MyController(service);
myController.doSomething();
}
}
关于java - 如何防止 Spring 在模拟中注入(inject) @Autowired 引用?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31347477/