c - C语言如何传递输入和检索输出到子进程

Question

我在 Windows 中有一个 exe 程序，它在终端中的工作方式如下

> program.exe parameter01 file
entry01 (user types entry01)
output01
entry02 (user types entry02)
output02
...
until the combination Ctrl+D is pressed.

我需要用 C 语言创建一个“子进程”，它能够运行程序并将条目发送到“子进程”并以 char[] 或字符串接收输出。

我知道我必须使用 CreateProcess method但我不知道如何传递像输入这样的条目并检索输出，我该怎么做？

我见过这个using Java但我需要用 C 语言实现这个功能。

Answer 1

您可以尝试使用重定向输入和输出创建子进程，我修改了找到的代码 here

#include <windows.h> 
#include <tchar.h>
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <strsafe.h>

#define BUFSIZE 4096 

/* child process's STDIN is the user input or data that you enter into the child process - READ */
HANDLE g_hChildStd_IN_Rd = NULL;
/* child process's STDIN is the user input or data that you enter into the child process - WRITE */
HANDLE g_hChildStd_IN_Wr = NULL;
/* child process's STDOUT is the program output or data that child process returns - READ */
HANDLE g_hChildStd_OUT_Rd = NULL;
/* child process's STDOUT is the program output or data that child process returns - WRITE */
HANDLE g_hChildStd_OUT_Wr = NULL;

void CreateChildProcess(void);
void WriteToPipe(CHAR chBuf[]);
void ReadFromPipe(void);
void ErrorExit(PTSTR);

int _tmain(int argc, TCHAR *argv[])
{
    SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES saAttr;

    printf("\n->Start of parent execution.\n");

    // Set the bInheritHandle flag so pipe handles are inherited. 

    saAttr.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
    saAttr.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
    saAttr.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;

    //child process's STDOUT is the program output or data that child process returns
    // Create a pipe for the child process's STDOUT. 
    if (!CreatePipe(&g_hChildStd_OUT_Rd, &g_hChildStd_OUT_Wr, &saAttr, 0))
        ErrorExit(TEXT("StdoutRd CreatePipe"));

    // Ensure the read handle to the pipe for STDOUT is not inherited.
    if (!SetHandleInformation(g_hChildStd_OUT_Rd, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0))
        ErrorExit(TEXT("Stdout SetHandleInformation"));

    //child process's STDIN is the user input or data that you enter into the child process
    // Create a pipe for the child process's STDIN. 
    if (!CreatePipe(&g_hChildStd_IN_Rd, &g_hChildStd_IN_Wr, &saAttr, 0))
        ErrorExit(TEXT("Stdin CreatePipe"));

    // Ensure the write handle to the pipe for STDIN is not inherited. 
    if (!SetHandleInformation(g_hChildStd_IN_Wr, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0))
        ErrorExit(TEXT("Stdin SetHandleInformation"));
    // Create the child process. 

    CreateChildProcess();

    /* variables */
    char FAR *lpsz;
    int cch;

    CHAR chBuf[BUFSIZE];
    DWORD dwRead = strlen(chBuf);
    HANDLE hStdin;
    BOOL bSuccess;

    hStdin = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
    if (hStdin == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
        ExitProcess(1);

    for (;;)
    {
        // Read from standard input and stop on error or no data.
        bSuccess = ReadFile(hStdin, chBuf, BUFSIZE, &dwRead, NULL);

        if (!bSuccess || dwRead == 0)
            break;

        lpsz = &chBuf[0];

        // Write to the pipe that is the standard input for a child process. 
        // Data is written to the pipe's buffers, so it is not necessary to wait
        // until the child process is running before writing data.
        WriteToPipe(lpsz);
        printf("\n->Contents of %s written to child STDIN pipe.\n", argv[1]);
        // Read from pipe that is the standard output for child process. 
        printf("\n->Contents of child process STDOUT:\n\n", argv[1]);
        ReadFromPipe();
        printf("\n->End of parent execution.\n");
        // The remaining open handles are cleaned up when this process terminates. 
        // To avoid resource leaks in a larger application, close handles explicitly.
    }
    return 0;
}

void CreateChildProcess()
// Create a child process that uses the previously created pipes for STDIN and STDOUT.
{
    TCHAR szCmdline[] = TEXT("cmd.exe /c \"C:\\path\\to\\exe\\program.exe -parameter C:\\path\\to\\file\\file.txt\"");
    PROCESS_INFORMATION piProcInfo;
    STARTUPINFO siStartInfo;
    BOOL bSuccess = FALSE;

    // Set up members of the PROCESS_INFORMATION structure. 

    ZeroMemory(&piProcInfo, sizeof(PROCESS_INFORMATION));

    // Set up members of the STARTUPINFO structure. 
    // This structure specifies the STDIN and STDOUT handles for redirection.

    ZeroMemory(&siStartInfo, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
    siStartInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
    siStartInfo.hStdError = g_hChildStd_OUT_Wr;
    siStartInfo.hStdOutput = g_hChildStd_OUT_Wr;
    siStartInfo.hStdInput = g_hChildStd_IN_Rd;
    siStartInfo.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;

    // Create the child process. 

    bSuccess = CreateProcess(NULL,
        szCmdline,     // command line 
        NULL,          // process security attributes 
        NULL,          // primary thread security attributes 
        TRUE,          // handles are inherited 
        0,             // creation flags 
        NULL,          // use parent's environment 
        NULL,          // use parent's current directory 
        &siStartInfo,  // STARTUPINFO pointer 
        &piProcInfo);  // receives PROCESS_INFORMATION 

    // If an error occurs, exit the application. 
    if (!bSuccess)
        ErrorExit(TEXT("CreateProcess"));
    else
    {
        // Close handles to the child process and its primary thread.
        // Some applications might keep these handles to monitor the status
        // of the child process, for example. 
        CloseHandle(piProcInfo.hProcess);
        CloseHandle(piProcInfo.hThread);
    }
}

void WriteToPipe(CHAR chBuf[])
// Read from a file and write its contents to the pipe for the child's STDIN.
// Stop when there is no more data. 
{
    DWORD dwRead, dwWritten;
    // CHAR chBuf[] = "hola\n";
    dwRead = strlen(chBuf);
    BOOL bSuccess = FALSE;
    bSuccess = WriteFile(g_hChildStd_IN_Wr, chBuf, dwRead, &dwWritten, NULL);
    if (!bSuccess) ErrorExit(TEXT("StdInWr Cannot write into child process."));
    /*
    // Close the pipe handle so the child process stops reading. 
    if (!CloseHandle(g_hChildStd_IN_Wr))
        ErrorExit(TEXT("StdInWr CloseHandle"));
    */
}

void ReadFromPipe(void)
// Read output from the child process's pipe for STDOUT
// and write to the parent process's pipe for STDOUT. 
// Stop when there is no more data. 
{
    DWORD dwRead, dwWritten;
    CHAR chBuf[BUFSIZE];
    BOOL bSuccess = FALSE;
    HANDLE hParentStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    WORD wResult = 0;
    bSuccess = ReadFile(g_hChildStd_OUT_Rd, chBuf, BUFSIZE, &dwRead, NULL);
    if (!bSuccess || dwRead == 0) ErrorExit(TEXT("StdOutRd Cannot read child process's output."));
    if (chBuf[0] == '+' && chBuf[1] == '?') { printf("It's misspelled."); }
    else { printf("It's spelled correctly."); }
    // bSuccess = WriteFile(hParentStdOut, chBuf, dwRead, &dwWritten, NULL);
    // if (!bSuccess) ErrorExit(TEXT("StdOutWr Cannot write into parent process's output."));
}

void ErrorExit(PTSTR lpszFunction)
// Format a readable error message, display a message box, 
// and exit from the application.
{
    LPVOID lpMsgBuf;
    LPVOID lpDisplayBuf;
    DWORD dw = GetLastError();

    FormatMessage(
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
        NULL,
        dw,
        MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
        (LPTSTR)&lpMsgBuf,
        0, NULL);

    lpDisplayBuf = (LPVOID)LocalAlloc(LMEM_ZEROINIT,
        (lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpMsgBuf) + lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpszFunction) + 40)*sizeof(TCHAR));
    StringCchPrintf((LPTSTR)lpDisplayBuf,
        LocalSize(lpDisplayBuf) / sizeof(TCHAR),
        TEXT("%s failed with error %d: %s"),
        lpszFunction, dw, lpMsgBuf);
    MessageBox(NULL, (LPCTSTR)lpDisplayBuf, TEXT("Error"), MB_OK);

    LocalFree(lpMsgBuf);
    LocalFree(lpDisplayBuf);
    ExitProcess(1);
}