假设我有以下记录:
data Rec = Rec {
field1 :: Int,
field2 :: Int
}
如何编写函数:
changeField :: Rec -> String -> Int -> Rec
changeField rec fieldName value
这样我就可以将字符串“field1”或“field2”传入
fieldName
参数并让它更新关联的字段?我了解 Data.Data
和 Data.Typeable
是在这里使用什么,但我无法弄清楚这两个包。我见过的一个库的例子是 cmdArgs。以下是 excerpt来自有关如何使用此库的博客文章:
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}
import System.Console.CmdArgs
data Guess = Guess {min :: Int, max :: Int, limit :: Maybe Int} deriving (Data,Typeable,Show)
main = do
x <- cmdArgs $ Guess 1 100 Nothing
print x
现在我们有了一个简单的命令行解析器。一些示例交互是:
$ guess --min=10
NumberGuess {min = 10, max = 100, limit = Nothing}
最佳答案
好的,这是一个不使用模板haskell的解决方案,或者需要您手动管理字段映射。
我实现了一个更通用的modifyField
它接受一个 mutator 函数,并实现了 setField
(nee changeField
)将它与 const value
一起使用.modifyField
的签名和 setField
在记录和修改器/值类型中都是通用的;但是,为了避免 Num
歧义,调用示例中的数字常量必须明确给出 :: Int
签名。
我还更改了参数顺序,所以 rec
最后出现,允许 modifyField
的链/setField
由普通函数组合创建(参见最后一个调用示例)。modifyField
建立在基元 gmapTi
之上,这是 Data.Data
中的“缺失”函数.它是 gmapT
之间的交叉。和 gmapQi
.
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}
{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
import Data.Typeable (Typeable, typeOf)
import Data.Data (Data, gfoldl, gmapQi, ConstrRep(AlgConstr),
toConstr, constrRep, constrFields)
import Data.Generics (extT, extQ)
import Data.List (elemIndex)
import Control.Arrow ((&&&))
data Rec = Rec {
field1 :: Int,
field2 :: String
} deriving(Show, Data, Typeable)
main = do
let r = Rec { field1 = 1, field2 = "hello" }
print r
let r' = setField "field1" (10 :: Int) r
print r'
let r'' = setField "field2" "world" r'
print r''
print . modifyField "field1" (succ :: Int -> Int) . setField "field2" "there" $ r
print (getField "field2" r' :: String)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
data Ti a = Ti Int a
gmapTi :: Data a => Int -> (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> a -> a
gmapTi i f x = case gfoldl k z x of { Ti _ a -> a }
where
k :: Data d => Ti (d->b) -> d -> Ti b
k (Ti i' c) a = Ti (i'+1) (if i==i' then c (f a) else c a)
z :: g -> Ti g
z = Ti 0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fieldNames :: (Data r) => r -> [String]
fieldNames rec =
case (constrRep &&& constrFields) $ toConstr rec of
(AlgConstr _, fs) | not $ null fs -> fs
otherwise -> error "Not a record type"
fieldIndex :: (Data r) => String -> r -> Int
fieldIndex fieldName rec =
case fieldName `elemIndex` fieldNames rec of
Just i -> i
Nothing -> error $ "No such field: " ++ fieldName
modifyField :: (Data r, Typeable v) => String -> (v -> v) -> r -> r
modifyField fieldName m rec = gmapTi i (e `extT` m) rec
where
i = fieldName `fieldIndex` rec
e x = error $ "Type mismatch: " ++ fieldName ++
" :: " ++ (show . typeOf $ x) ++
", not " ++ (show . typeOf $ m undefined)
setField :: (Data r, Typeable v) => String -> v -> r -> r
setField fieldName value = modifyField fieldName (const value)
getField :: (Data r, Typeable v) => String -> r -> v
getField fieldName rec = gmapQi i (e `extQ` id) rec
where
i = fieldName `fieldIndex` rec
e x = error $ "Type mismatch: " ++ fieldName ++
" :: " ++ (show . typeOf $ x) ++
", not " ++ (show . typeOf $ e undefined)
关于Haskell根据字段名称字符串动态设置记录字段?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8659939/