powershell - 在 PowerShell Get-ChildItem -Exclude 不与 -Recurce 参数一起使用

Question

我想递归搜索所有目录，除了以 _(下划线)开头的目录。

例如:_archive、_DO_NOT_DELETE、_processing 等

我使用了下面的代码，但它不起作用。似乎 exclude 不适用于 recurse 。有什么想法吗？

$exclude = @("_*")
$source = "C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\" 
$allitems = Get-ChildItem $source -Directory -Exclude $exclude -Recurse
foreach($myItem in $allitems)
{
  echo $myItem.fullname
} 

输出:

C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\New folder\New folder
C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\New folder\New folder\New folder
C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\New folder\New folder (2)
C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\New folder\New folder (3)
C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\New folder\New folder (3)\New folder
C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\_archive\New folder

So, as I told before I want to avoid the directory started with underscore, hence the last line should not come.

Even I used below code as well, still same output:

$exclude = @("_*")
$source = "C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\"
$allitems = Get-ChildItem $source -Recurse -Directory |
            Where {$_.FullName -notlike $exclude}
foreach($myItem in $allitems)
{
    echo $myItem.fullname
}

Answer 1

这里发生的是 Get-ChildItem 的 -exclude 参数基于项目的 name 属性工作。使用通配符时，名称必须与非通配符部分匹配。当您的目录名称以空格开头时，不会发生这种情况。我们来看一个例子:

# Create two files, one starts with a space, the other doesn't
Set-Content -Path " data1.txt" -Value $null
Set-Content -Path "data2.txt" -Value $null

gci -name "data*"
 data2.txt

gci -name " data*"
 data1.txt

结果是单场比赛，使用了强硬的通配符。原因是data1.txt的第一个字符是空格，与参数的第一个字符不匹配，即d。

-exclude 以狡猾而臭名昭著。通过管道将结果传递到 where-object 通常更容易解决。像这样，

Get-ChildItem $source -Directory -recurse | ? {$_.fullname -NotMatch "\\\s*_"} | % { $_.fullname }
# "\\\s*_" is regex for \, any amount of whitespace, _ 
C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\New folder
C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\New folder\New folder
C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\New folder\New folder (2)
C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\New folder\New folder (3)
C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\New folder\New folder\New folder
C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\New folder\New folder (3)\New folder

Get-ChildItem $source -Directory -recurse | ? {$_.fullname -Match "\\\s*_"} | % { $_.fullname }
C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\ _archive
C:\code\Powershell\delete empty folders\New folder\ _archive\New folder

请注意，匹配需要评估 FullName 属性。仅使用 Name 只会匹配叶级别。