我一直在努力寻找一种方法来使用 Python GUI 绘制来自 arduino 的传入数据。我能够使用 Matplotlib 动画函数读取 6 个不同的变量并绘制其中 4 个 2 在一个子图中 2 在另一个子图中绘制。这能够以足够快的速度完成，可以实时绘制图表(每秒 20 个样本)。
我现在需要修改系统以同时读取 12 个不同的变量，其中 8 个被绘制成图形。 4 在一个子图上 4 在另一个子图上以每秒 20 个样本的相同速率。我一直无法让它工作，尝试了一些不同的东西并做了很多研究，但似乎无法用我对 python 的有限知识弄清楚如何去做。我不太熟悉多处理或多线程，但它们似乎是人们能够加快绘图过程的方式。我知道 matplotlib 动画函数本身是线程化的，所以我不确定线程化对此有多大帮助，或者是否有办法在一个线程中读取并在另一个线程中更新图形。我以 arduino 支持的最高波特率 250000 运行。我还能够找到一个示例，其中有人能够在这篇文章中获得非常高速的绘图，但无法修改以供我使用:What is the best real time plotting widget for wxPython?
数据是这样从arduino接收的:
整数.整数.整数|整数.整数.整数|整数.整数.整数|整数.整数.整数
管道代表一个新的执行器(我发送的每个变量来自什么)
我是 python 的新手，如果这不是 pythonic，我很抱歉，但这里有两个例子: 这是一个使用动画功能的图形用户界面:
import Tkinter
import serial
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from collections import deque
import random
class App:
def __init__(self, master):
self.arduinoData = serial.Serial('com5', 250000)#115200)
frame = Tkinter.Frame(master)
self.running = False
self.ani = None
self.start = Tkinter.LabelFrame(frame, text="Start", borderwidth=10, relief=Tkinter.GROOVE, padx=10, pady=10)
self.start.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20)
self.run = Tkinter.Button(self.start, text="RUN", bd=10, height=5, width=10, command=self.getData)
self.run.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
self.stop_frame = Tkinter.LabelFrame(frame, text="STOP", borderwidth=10, relief=Tkinter.GROOVE, padx=10, pady=10 )
self.stop_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=20, pady=20)
self.stop = Tkinter.Button(self.stop_frame, text="STOP", bd=10, height=5, width=10, command=self.stopTest)
self.stop.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
self.fig = plt.Figure()
self.ax1 = self.fig.add_subplot(211)
self.line0, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.line1, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.line2, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.line3, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.ax2 = self.fig.add_subplot(212)
self.line4, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.line5, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.line6, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.line7, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,master=master)
self.canvas.show()
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=0, column=4, padx=20, pady=20)
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20)
def getData(self):
if self.ani is None:
self.k = 0
self.arduinoData.flushInput()
self.arduinoData.write("<L>")
return self.start()
else:
self.arduinoData.write("<L>")
self.arduinoData.flushInput()
self.ani.event_source.start()
self.running = not self.running
def stopTest(self):
self.arduinoData.write("<H>")
if self.running:
self.ani.event_source.stop()
self.running = not self.running
def resetTest(self):
self.k = 0
self.xdata = []
self.pressure1 = []
self.displacement1 = []
self.cycle1 = []
self.pressure2 = []
self.displacement2 = []
self.cycle2 = []
self.pressure3 = []
self.displacement3 = []
self.cycle3 = []
self.pressure4 = []
self.displacement4 = []
self.cycle4 = []
self.line1.set_data(self.xdata, self.ydata1)
self.line2.set_data(self.xdata, self.ydata2)
self.ax1.set_ylim(0,1)
self.ax1.set_xlim(0,1)
self.ax2.set_ylim(0,1)
self.ax2.set_xlim(0,1)
def start(self):
self.xdata = []
self.pressure1 = []
self.displacement1 = []
self.cycle1 = []
self.pressure2 = []
self.displacement2 = []
self.cycle2 = []
self.pressure3 = []
self.displacement3 = []
self.cycle3 = []
self.pressure4 = []
self.displacement4 = []
self.cycle4 = []
self.k = 0
self.arduinoData.flushInput()
self.ani = animation.FuncAnimation(
self.fig,
self.update_graph,
interval=1,
repeat=True)
self.arduinoData.write("<L>")
self.running = True
self.ani._start()
def update_graph(self, i):
self.xdata.append(self.k)
while (self.arduinoData.inWaiting()==0):
pass
x = self.arduinoData.readline()
strip_data = x.strip()
split_data = x.split("|")
actuator1 = split_data[0].split(".")
actuator2 = split_data[1].split(".")
actuator3 = split_data[2].split(".")
actuator4 = split_data[3].split(".")
self.pressure1.append(int(actuator1[0]))
self.displacement1.append(int(actuator1[1]))
self.cycle1 = int(actuator1[2])
self.pressure2.append(int(actuator2[0]))
self.displacement2.append(int(actuator2[1]))
self.cycle2 = int(actuator2[2])
self.pressure3.append(int(actuator3[0]))
self.displacement3.append(int(actuator3[1]))
self.cycle3 = int(actuator3[2])
self.pressure4.append(int(actuator4[0]))
self.displacement4.append(int(actuator4[1]))
self.cycle4 = int(actuator4[2])
self.line0.set_data(self.xdata, self.pressure1)
self.line1.set_data(self.xdata, self.pressure2)
self.line2.set_data(self.xdata, self.pressure3)
self.line3.set_data(self.xdata, self.pressure4)
self.line4.set_data(self.xdata, self.displacement1)
self.line5.set_data(self.xdata, self.displacement2)
self.line6.set_data(self.xdata, self.displacement3)
self.line7.set_data(self.xdata, self.displacement4)
if self.k < 49:
self.ax1.set_ylim(min(self.pressure1)-1, max(self.pressure3) + 1)
self.ax1.set_xlim(0, self.k+1)
self.ax2.set_ylim(min(self.displacement1)-1, max(self.displacement3) + 1)
self.ax2.set_xlim(0, self.k+1)
elif self.k >= 49:
self.ax1.set_ylim(min(self.pressure1[self.k-49:self.k])-1, max(self.pressure3[self.k-49:self.k]) + 1)
self.ax1.set_xlim(self.xdata[self.k-49], self.xdata[self.k-1])
self.ax2.set_ylim(min(self.displacement1[self.k-49:self.k])-1, max(self.displacement3[self.k-49:self.k]) + 1)
self.ax2.set_xlim(self.xdata[self.k-49], self.xdata[self.k-1])
self.k += 1
root = Tkinter.Tk()
app = App(root)
root.mainloop()
这是一个打印到显示器的图形用户界面:
import Tkinter
import serial
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import time
class App:
def __init__(self, master):
self.arduinoData = serial.Serial('com5', 250000, timeout=0)
frame = Tkinter.Frame(master)
self.go = 0
self.start = Tkinter.LabelFrame(frame, text="Start", borderwidth=10, relief=Tkinter.GROOVE, padx=10, pady=10)
self.start.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20)
self.run = Tkinter.Button(self.start, text="RUN", bd=10, height=5, width=10, command=self.getData)
self.run.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
self.stop_frame = Tkinter.LabelFrame(frame, text="STOP", borderwidth=10, relief=Tkinter.GROOVE, padx=10, pady=10 )
self.stop_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=20, pady=20)
self.stop = Tkinter.Button(self.stop_frame, text="STOP", bd=10, height=5, width=10, command=self.stopTest)
self.stop.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
self.fig = plt.Figure()
self.ax1 = self.fig.add_subplot(211)
self.line0, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.line1, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.line2, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.line3, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.ax2 = self.fig.add_subplot(212)
self.line4, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.line5, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.line6, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.line7, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,master=master)
self.canvas.show()
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=0, column=4, padx=20, pady=20)
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20)
def getData(self):
self.k = 0
self.xdata = []
self.pressure1 = []
self.displacement1 = []
self.cycle1 = []
self.pressure2 = []
self.displacement2 = []
self.cycle2 = []
self.pressure3 = []
self.displacement3 = []
self.cycle3 = []
self.pressure4 = []
self.displacement4 = []
self.cycle4 = []
self.arduinoData.flushInput()
self.go = 1
self.readData()
def readData(self):
if self.go == 1:
self.xdata.append(self.k)
while (self.arduinoData.inWaiting()==0):
pass
x = self.arduinoData.readline()
strip_data = x.strip()
split_data = x.split("|")
actuator1 = split_data[0].split(".")
actuator2 = split_data[1].split(".")
actuator3 = split_data[2].split(".")
actuator4 = split_data[3].split(".")
self.pressure1.append(int(actuator1[0]))
self.displacement1.append(int(actuator1[1]))
self.cycle1 = int(actuator1[2])
self.pressure2.append(int(actuator2[0]))
self.displacement2.append(int(actuator2[1]))
self.cycle2 = int(actuator2[2])
self.pressure3.append(int(actuator3[0]))
self.displacement3.append(int(actuator3[1]))
self.cycle3 = int(actuator3[2])
self.pressure4.append(int(actuator4[0]))
self.displacement4.append(int(actuator4[1]))
self.cycle4 = int(actuator4[2])
self.printData()
root.after(0, self.readData)
def printData(self):
print str(self.pressure1[self.k-1]) + " " +
str(self.displacement1[self.k-1]) + " " + str(self.cycle1) + " " +
str(self.pressure2[self.k-1]) + " " + str(self.displacement2[self.k-
1]) + " " + str(self.cycle2) + " " + str(self.pressure3[self.k-1]) +
" " + str(self.displacement3[self.k-1]) + " " + str(self.cycle3) + "
" + str(self.pressure4[self.k-1]) + " " +
str(self.displacement4[self.k-1]) + " " + str(self.cycle4)
def stopTest(self):
self.arduinoData.write("<H>")
self.go = 0
def resetTest(self):
self.k = 0
self.xdata = []
self.pressure1 = []
self.displacement1 = []
self.cycle1 = []
self.pressure2 = []
self.displacement2 = []
self.cycle2 = []
self.pressure3 = []
self.displacement3 = []
self.cycle3 = []
self.pressure4 = []
self.displacement4 = []
self.cycle4 = []
self.line1.set_data(self.xdata, self.ydata1)
self.line2.set_data(self.xdata, self.ydata2)
self.ax1.set_ylim(0,1)
self.ax1.set_xlim(0,1)
self.ax2.set_ylim(0,1)
self.ax2.set_xlim(0,1)
def start(self):
self.xdata = []
self.pressure1 = []
self.displacement1 = []
self.cycle1 = []
self.pressure2 = []
self.displacement2 = []
self.cycle2 = []
self.pressure3 = []
self.displacement3 = []
self.cycle3 = []
self.pressure4 = []
self.displacement4 = []
self.cycle4 = []
self.k = 0
self.arduinoData.write("<L>")
root = Tkinter.Tk()
app = App(root)
root.mainloop()
这是一个arduino代码示例:
int analog0 = 0;
int analog1 = 1;
int analog2 = 2;
int sensor0;
int sensor1;
int sensor2;
String pot0;
String pot1;
String Force;
int pot0holder;
int pot1holder;
String Forceholder;
unsigned long i = 0;
String Is;
int val = 0;
boolean Sensordata = false;
int cycles;
const byte numChars = 32;
char receivedChars[numChars];
boolean newData = false;
unsigned long CurrentMillis = 0;
unsigned long PrintMillis = 0;
int PrintValMillis = 50;
unsigned long SensorMillis = 0;
int SensorValMillis = 0;
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(250000);
}
void loop()
{
CurrentMillis = millis();
recvWithStartEndMarkers();
commands();
sensordata();
}
void sensordata()
{
if (CurrentMillis - SensorMillis >= SensorValMillis)
{
sensor0 = analogRead(analog0);
pot0holder = sensor0;
sensor1 = analogRead(analog1);
pot1holder = sensor1;
i += 1;
String potcolumn = String(pot0holder) + "." + String(pot1holder) + "." + String(i) + "|" + String(int(pot0holder)+30) + "." + String(int(pot1holder)+30) + "." + String(i) + "|" + String(int(pot0holder)+60) + "." + String(int(pot1holder)+60) + "." + String(i) + "|" + String(int(pot0holder)+90) + "." + String(int(pot1holder)+90) + "." + String(i);
Serial.println(potcolumn);
SensorMillis += SensorValMillis;
}
}
void recvWithStartEndMarkers()
{
static boolean recvInProgress = false; //creates variable visible to only one function with boolean
static byte ndx = 0;
char startMarker = '<'; //sets begin condition
char endMarker = '>'; //sets end condition
char rc; //sets variable type to char
while (Serial.available() > 0 && newData == false) {
rc = Serial.read(); //sets rc equal to serial value
if (recvInProgress == true) {
if (rc != endMarker) {
receivedChars[ndx] = rc;
ndx++;
if (ndx >= numChars) {
ndx = numChars - 1;
}
}
else {
receivedChars[ndx] = '\0'; // terminate the string
recvInProgress = false;
ndx = 0;
newData = true;
}
}
else if (rc == startMarker) {
recvInProgress = true;
}
}
}
void commands()
{
if (newData == true)
{
if (receivedChars[0] == 'T')
{
PrintValMillis = atoi(&receivedChars[1]); //atoi -> Converting strings to integer
}
else if (receivedChars[0] == 'S')
{
cycles = atoi(&receivedChars[1]);
i = 0;
}
else if (receivedChars[0] == 'L')
{
val = atoi(&receivedChars[1]);
i = 0;
}
}
newData = false;
}
在此先感谢任何人提供的任何帮助或建议。
最佳答案
所以你的阅读过程占用了大部分时间。我会将阅读放在一个单独的任务中，并在主要(绘图)过程中对数据进行评估/拆分。不幸的是，我不是 tkinter 用户，所以我在没有任何特殊的 gui 框架的情况下写了这篇文章。但我认为您可以根据自己的需要进行调整。
看起来像这样:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import multiprocessing as mp
import time
# global variables
fig = plt.figure(1)
# first sub-plot
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(211)
line1, = ax1.plot([], [], lw=2)
ax1.grid()
xdata1, ydata1 = [], []
# second sub-plot
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(212)
line2, = ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
ax2.grid()
xdata2, ydata2 = [], []
# the multiprocessing queue
q = mp.Queue()
# data generator in separate process
# here would be your arduino data reader
def dataGen(output):
for x in range(50):
output.put((x, np.sin(x)))
# update first subplot
def update1(data):
# update the data
t, y = data
xdata1.append(t)
ydata1.append(y)
xmin, xmax = ax1.get_xlim()
ymin, ymax = ax1.get_ylim()
if t >= xmax:
ax1.set_xlim(xmin, 2*xmax)
if y >= ymax:
ax1.set_ylim(ymin, 2*ymax)
if y <= ymin:
ax1.set_ylim(2*ymin, ymax)
line1.set_data(xdata1, ydata1)
return line1,
# update second subplot
def update2(data):
# update the data
t, y = data
xdata2.append(t)
ydata2.append(y)
xmin, xmax = ax2.get_xlim()
ymin, ymax = ax2.get_ylim()
if t >= xmax:
ax2.set_xlim(xmin, 2*xmax)
if y >= ymax:
ax2.set_ylim(ymin, 2*ymax)
if y <= ymin:
ax2.set_ylim(2*ymin, ymax)
line2.set_data(xdata2, ydata2)
return line2,
# called at each drawing frame
def run(data):
# get data from queue, which is filled in separate process, blocks until
# data is available
data = q.get(block=True, timeout=.5)
# put here your variable separation
data1 = (2*data[0], 3*data[1])
data2 = (data[0], data[1])
#provide the data to the plots
a = update1(data1)
b = update2(data2)
fig.canvas.draw()
return a+b
if __name__ == "__main__":
# count of reader processes
n_proc = 1
# setup workers
pool = [mp.Process(target=dataGen, args=(q,)) for x in range(n_proc)]
for p in pool:
p.daemon = True
p.start()
# wait a few sec for the process to become alive
time.sleep(3)
# start your drawing
ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, run, frames=60, blit=True, interval=10,
repeat=False)
plt.show()
print('done')
关于python - 使用 python 和 tkinter 实时绘制串行数据，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44507044/