PHP 新手 : How to write good code

Question

<分区>

Answer 1

测试

你应该更好地测试你的代码，可能练习 TDD .感谢PHPUnit，你可以做到这一点.牢记Uncle Bob's three rules练习 TDD。

1. You are not allowed to write any production code unless it is to make a failing unit test pass.
2. You are not allowed to write any more of a unit test than is sufficient to fail; and compilation failures are failures.
3. You are not allowed to write any more production code than is sufficient to pass the one failing unit test.

You must begin by writing a unit test for the functionality that you intend to write. But by rule 2, you can't write very much of that unit test. As soon as the unit test code fails to compile, or fails an assertion, you must stop and write production code. But by rule 3 you can only write the production code that makes the test compile or pass, and no more.

If you think about this you will realize that you simply cannot write very much code at all without compiling and executing something. Indeed, this is really the point. In everything we do, whether writing tests, writing production code, or refactoring, we keep the system executing at all times. The time between running tests is on the order of seconds, or minutes. Even 10 minutes is too long.

你应该尝试拥有高code coverage . PHPUnit 也可以做到 code coverage analyses感谢xdebug . Refactoring code那是smelly ( list ) 应该很容易，因为您的测试用例已经存在。

安全

• 学习 OWASP top 10
• 学习 PDO防止SQL-injections .
• 学习 Filter防止XSS .
• 了解如何预防 CSRF .
• 了解 http-only cookie 以及如何 use in PHP .

性能

• 学习和使用APC

Caching the compiled bytecode of PHP scripts to avoid the overhead of parsing and compiling source code on each request (some or all of which may never even be executed). To further improve performance, the cached code is stored in shared memory and directly executed from there, minimizing the amount of slow disk reads and memory copying at runtime.

• 学习使用分布式内存缓存系统，如 Redis或 Memcached .
• 学会只tackle low hanging fruit忘记silly micro-optimizations .

The famous quotation, "We should forget about small efficiencies, say about 97% of the time: premature optimization is the root of all evil", by Donald Knuth,6 has also been mistakenly attributed to Hoare (by Knuth himself), although Hoare disclaims authorship.

• 了解 PHP 只是您工具箱中的一个工具，并不是解决您所有问题的最佳解决方案。例如挂起请求(长轮询)无法在 PHP 中有效实现，这就是为什么 Facebook decided to implement chat in Erlang instead of PHP .