opengl - OpenGL的LookAt函数中的UP向量到底是什么？

Question

这与The LookAt target location doesn't matter if it is z = 0 or z = 1000 or -1000?有关

我试过了

    gluLookAt(512, 384, 2000,
              512, 384, 0,
              0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

一切正常，现在我将第三行(UP vector )的最后一个数字更改为0.8:

    gluLookAt(512, 384, 2000,
              512, 384, 0,
              0.0f, 1.0f, 0.8f);

完全相同...接下来，我尝试并修改了第三行，第一个数字为0.8:

    gluLookAt(512, 384, 2000,
              512, 384, 0,
              0.8f, 1.0f, 0.8f);

现在， View 就像向左旋转45度。 UP vector 如何工作？

Answer 1

向上 vector 用于在提供给gluLookAt的眼睛和中心 vector 之间创建叉积。

在iOS上的GLKit header 中，您可以看到以下实现:

static __inline__ GLKMatrix4 GLKMatrix4MakeLookAt(float eyeX, float eyeY, float eyeZ, float centerX, float centerY, float centerZ, float upX, float upY, float upZ)
{
    GLKVector3 ev = { eyeX, eyeY, eyeZ };
    GLKVector3 cv = { centerX, centerY, centerZ };
    GLKVector3 uv = { upX, upY, upZ };
    GLKVector3 n = GLKVector3Normalize(GLKVector3Add(ev, GLKVector3Negate(cv)));
    GLKVector3 u = GLKVector3Normalize(GLKVector3CrossProduct(uv, n));
    GLKVector3 v = GLKVector3CrossProduct(n, u);

    GLKMatrix4 m = { u.v[0], v.v[0], n.v[0], 0.0f,
        u.v[1], v.v[1], n.v[1], 0.0f,
        u.v[2], v.v[2], n.v[2], 0.0f,
        GLKVector3DotProduct(GLKVector3Negate(u), ev),
        GLKVector3DotProduct(GLKVector3Negate(v), ev),
        GLKVector3DotProduct(GLKVector3Negate(n), ev),
        1.0f };

    return m;
}

这个问题中可接受的答案How do I use gluLookAt properly?很好地描述了上行 vector 的实际影响。

(The intuition behind the "up" vector in gluLookAt is simple: Look at anything. Now tilt your head 90 degrees. Where you are hasn't changed, the direction you're looking at hasn't changed, but the image in your retina clearly has. What's the difference? Where the top of your head is pointing to. That's the up vector.)