javafx - JavaFX:在实例化 Controller 类时传递参数

Question

我现在正在研究JavaFX应用程序。我的所有GUI都是.fxml格式，并且通过 Controller 类管理所有GUI组件。但是，在加载FXML加载程序之前，我很难用实例化 Controller 类。我无法从其他关于stackoverflow的问题中找到一个好的解决方案，因此这不是重复的问题。

我实例化 Controller 类的原因是我想传递一些参数，以便这些参数将显示在GUI中。

我通过以下方式加载FXML文件:

/*
 * for Work Order button
 */
@FXML
private void pressWorkOrder() throws Exception{ 
    WorkOrderController wo = new WorkOrderController("ashdkjhsahd");    //instantiating constructor     

    Parent parent = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("/fxml/WorkOrder.fxml"));        
    Scene scene = new Scene(parent);
    Stage stage = new Stage();
    stage.setScene(scene);
    stage.setTitle("Word Order");
    stage.setResizable(false);
    stage.show();
}

这是我实际的Controller类:

public class WorkOrderController implements Initializable{

     @FXML
     private Button summary;
     private String m,n;

     public WorkOrderController(String str) {
         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
         m = str;
     }  

     //for testing
     public void set(String str){
         m = str;
     }  

     @FXML
     public void check(){
         System.out.println("Output after constructor was initialized " + m);
     }

     @Override
     public void initialize(URL location, ResourceBundle resources) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
     }
 }

我得到这个异常:

at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.processStartElement(Unknown Source)
at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(Unknown Source)
at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(Unknown Source)
at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(Unknown Source)
at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(Unknown Source)
at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(Unknown Source)
at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(Unknown Source)
at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.loadImpl(Unknown Source)
at javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader.load(Unknown Source)
at MainController.pressWorkOrder(MainController.java:78)
... 57 more
Caused by: java.lang.InstantiationException: WorkOrderController
at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil.newInstance(Unknown Source)
... 71 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: WorkOrderController.<init>()
at java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(Unknown Source)
... 73 more

Answer 1

对于小型应用程序，最简单的两种方法是:

不要在fxml中指定fx:controller。通过将数据传递给它来创建一个 Controller 实例，然后将其传递给FXMLLoader。

在fxml中指定fx:controller。从FXMLLoader获取 Controller 实例，然后将数据传递给 Controller ​​。

以下是上述两种类型的示例。每个示例都有3个组成部分:

FXML-FXML文件，它对第一种类型的doesn't have声明进行fx:controller，对第二种类型进行声明。

Controller -第一种类型具有constructor。第二种类型具有setter methods。

Main-用于加载FXML并将数据传递到 Controller 。对于第一种情况，它为sets the controller to FXMLLoader。在第二秒，它是fetches the controller from the FXMLLoader。

1.手动创建 Controller 实例

FXML -不指定fx:controller

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import javafx.scene.layout.FlowPane?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Label?>

<FlowPane fx:id="root" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml">
    <children>
        <Label fx:id="firstName" text="" />
        <Label fx:id="lastName" text="" />
    </children>
</FlowPane>

Controller -创建一个构造函数以接受默认值

import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.StringProperty;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.fxml.Initializable;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;

import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;

public class SampleController implements Initializable {

    private StringProperty firstNameString = new SimpleStringProperty();
    private StringProperty lastNameString = new SimpleStringProperty();

    /**
     * Accepts the firstName, lastName and stores them to specific instance variables
     * 
     * @param firstName
     * @param lastName
     */
    public SampleController(String firstName, String lastName) {
        firstNameString.set(firstName);
        lastNameString.set(lastName);
    }

    @FXML
    Label firstName;

    @FXML
    Label lastName;

    @Override
    public void initialize(URL location, ResourceBundle resources) {
        firstName.setText(firstNameString.get());
        lastName.setText(lastNameString.get());
    }
}

主-创建一个Controller实例，方法是将值传递给它，然后将其传递给FXMLLoader

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.FlowPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Main extends Application {
    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
        FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(getClass().getResource("Sample.fxml"));

        // Create a controller instance
        SampleController controller = new SampleController("itachi", "uchiha");
        // Set it in the FXMLLoader
        loader.setController(controller);
        FlowPane flowPane = loader.load();
        Scene scene = new Scene(flowPane, 200, 200);
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

2.从FXMLLoader获取 Controller 实例

FXML -已指定fx:controller

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import javafx.scene.layout.FlowPane?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Label?>

<!-- Controller Specified -->
<FlowPane fx:id="root" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml" fx:controller="SampleController">
    <children>
        <Label fx:id="firstName" text="" />
        <Label fx:id="lastName" text="" />
    </children>
</FlowPane>

Controller -具有Setter方法来接受输入

import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.fxml.Initializable;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;

import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;

public class SampleController implements Initializable {

    @FXML
    Label firstName;

    @FXML
    Label lastName;

    @Override
    public void initialize(URL location, ResourceBundle resources) {

    }

    /**
     * Accepts a String and sets it to the firstName Label
     *
     * @param firstNameString
     */
    public void setFirstName(String firstNameString) {
        firstName.setText(firstNameString);
    }

    /**
     * Accepts a String and sets it to the lastName Label
     *
     * @param lastNameString
     */
    public void setLastName(String lastNameString) {
        lastName.setText(lastNameString);
    }
}

主要-调用load()之后从FXMLLoader获取Controller实例，然后调用setter方法以传递数据。

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.FlowPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Main extends Application {
    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
        FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(getClass().getResource("Sample.fxml"));
        FlowPane flowPane = loader.load();
        // Get the Controller from the FXMLLoader
        SampleController controller = loader.getController();
        // Set data in the controller
        controller.setFirstName("itachi");
        controller.setLastName("uchiha");
        Scene scene = new Scene(flowPane, 200, 200);
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}