我尝试设置一个 2 节点 Cassandra 设置，它已经完成了。节点似乎连接如下:
Datacenter: datacenter1
=======================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
-- Address Load Tokens Owns Host ID Rack
UN 10.0.7.80 3.74 MB 256 ? 087ef42d-15d6-4cbc-9530-5415521ae7dc rack1
UN 10.0.7.240 493.75 KB 256 ? 34d9098a-3397-4024-8dce-836001a8c929 rack1
Note: Non-system keyspaces don't have the same replication settings, effective ownership information is meaningless.
1) 每个 DDL 类型的操作都在这里超时:
cqlsh> CREATE KEYSPACE keyspace1 WITH replication = {'class':'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor' : 2};
OperationTimedOut: errors={}, last_host=127.0.0.1
或者
cqlsh> drop keyspace keyspace2;
OperationTimedOut: errors={}, last_host=127.0.0.1
2)虽然，上面的操作超时，我可以在片刻之后看到那些键空间，但是这些不会被复制到其他任何复制因子 = 2 的地方。不确定这些超时错误是否与复制有关，因为我尝试了同样通过停止 2 个节点中的一个，但即使在此之后也出现相同的超时错误。
Configuration file is as mentioned below :
cluster_name: 'MarketplaceDB-Cluster'
num_tokens: 256
hinted_handoff_enabled: true
max_hint_window_in_ms: 10800000 # 3 hours
hinted_handoff_throttle_in_kb: 1024
max_hints_delivery_threads: 2
batchlog_replay_throttle_in_kb: 1024
authenticator: AllowAllAuthenticator
authorizer: AllowAllAuthorizer
role_manager: CassandraRoleManager
roles_validity_in_ms: 2000
permissions_validity_in_ms: 1000
partitioner: org.apache.cassandra.dht.Murmur3Partitioner
data_file_directories:
- /var/lib/cassandra/data
commitlog_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/commitlog
disk_failure_policy: stop
commit_failure_policy: stop
key_cache_size_in_mb:
# Default is 14400 or 4 hours.
key_cache_save_period: 14400
row_cache_size_in_mb: 0
row_cache_save_period: 0
counter_cache_size_in_mb:
counter_cache_save_period: 7200
commitlog_sync: periodic
commitlog_sync_period_in_ms: 10000
commitlog_segment_size_in_mb: 32
# any class that implements the SeedProvider interface and has a
# constructor that takes a Map<String, String> of parameters will do.
seed_provider:
# Addresses of hosts that are deemed contact points.
# Cassandra nodes use this list of hosts to find each other and learn
# the topology of the ring. You must change this if you are running
# multiple nodes!
- class_name: org.apache.cassandra.locator.SimpleSeedProvider
parameters:
# seeds is actually a comma-delimited list of addresses.
# Ex: "<ip1>,<ip2>,<ip3>"
- seeds: "127.0.0.1"
# On the other hand, since writes are almost never IO bound, the ideal
# number of "concurrent_writes" is dependent on the number of cores in
# your system; (8 * number_of_cores) is a good rule of thumb.
concurrent_reads: 32
concurrent_writes: 32
concurrent_counter_writes: 32
memtable_allocation_type: heap_buffers
#memtable_flush_writers: 8
index_summary_capacity_in_mb:
index_summary_resize_interval_in_minutes: 60
trickle_fsync: false
trickle_fsync_interval_in_kb: 10240
storage_port: 7000
ssl_storage_port: 7001
listen_address: 10.0.7.80
internode_authenticator: org.apache.cassandra.auth.AllowAllInternodeAuthenticator
start_native_transport: true
# port for the CQL native transport to listen for clients on
# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet. Firewall it if needed.
native_transport_port: 9042
# The maximum threads for handling requests when the native transport is used.
# This is similar to rpc_max_threads though the default differs slightly (and
# there is no native_transport_min_threads, idle threads will always be stopped
# after 30 seconds).
native_transport_max_threads: 128
#
# The maximum size of allowed frame. Frame (requests) larger than this will
# be rejected as invalid. The default is 256MB.
# native_transport_max_frame_size_in_mb: 256
# The maximum number of concurrent client connections.
# The default is -1, which means unlimited.
# native_transport_max_concurrent_connections: -1
# The maximum number of concurrent client connections per source ip.
# The default is -1, which means unlimited.
# native_transport_max_concurrent_connections_per_ip: -1
# Whether to start the thrift rpc server.
start_rpc: true
# The address or interface to bind the Thrift RPC service and native transport
# server to.
#
# Set rpc_address OR rpc_interface, not both. Interfaces must correspond
# to a single address, IP aliasing is not supported.
#
# Leaving rpc_address blank has the same effect as on listen_address
# (i.e. it will be based on the configured hostname of the node).
#
# Note that unlike listen_address, you can specify 0.0.0.0, but you must also
# set broadcast_rpc_address to a value other than 0.0.0.0.
#
# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet. Firewall it if needed.
#
# If you choose to specify the interface by name and the interface has an ipv4 and an ipv6 address
# you can specify which should be chosen using rpc_interface_prefer_ipv6. If false the first ipv4
# address will be used. If true the first ipv6 address will be used. Defaults to false preferring
# ipv4. If there is only one address it will be selected regardless of ipv4/ipv6.
rpc_address: localhost
# rpc_interface: eth1
# rpc_interface_prefer_ipv6: false
# port for Thrift to listen for clients on
rpc_port: 9160
# RPC address to broadcast to drivers and other Cassandra nodes. This cannot
# be set to 0.0.0.0. If left blank, this will be set to the value of
# rpc_address. If rpc_address is set to 0.0.0.0, broadcast_rpc_address must
# be set.
# broadcast_rpc_address: 1.2.3.4
# enable or disable keepalive on rpc/native connections
rpc_keepalive: true
# Cassandra provides two out-of-the-box options for the RPC Server:
#
# sync -> One thread per thrift connection. For a very large number of clients, memory
# will be your limiting factor. On a 64 bit JVM, 180KB is the minimum stack size
# per thread, and that will correspond to your use of virtual memory (but physical memory
# may be limited depending on use of stack space).
#
# hsha -> Stands for "half synchronous, half asynchronous." All thrift clients are handled
# asynchronously using a small number of threads that does not vary with the amount
# of thrift clients (and thus scales well to many clients). The rpc requests are still
# synchronous (one thread per active request). If hsha is selected then it is essential
# that rpc_max_threads is changed from the default value of unlimited.
#
# The default is sync because on Windows hsha is about 30% slower. On Linux,
# sync/hsha performance is about the same, with hsha of course using less memory.
#
# Alternatively, can provide your own RPC server by providing the fully-qualified class name
# of an o.a.c.t.TServerFactory that can create an instance of it.
rpc_server_type: sync
# Uncomment rpc_min|max_thread to set request pool size limits.
#
# Regardless of your choice of RPC server (see above), the number of maximum requests in the
# RPC thread pool dictates how many concurrent requests are possible (but if you are using the sync
# RPC server, it also dictates the number of clients that can be connected at all).
#
# The default is unlimited and thus provides no protection against clients overwhelming the server. You are
# encouraged to set a maximum that makes sense for you in production, but do keep in mind that
# rpc_max_threads represents the maximum number of client requests this server may execute concurrently.
#
# rpc_min_threads: 16
# rpc_max_threads: 2048
# uncomment to set socket buffer sizes on rpc connections
# rpc_send_buff_size_in_bytes:
# rpc_recv_buff_size_in_bytes:
# Uncomment to set socket buffer size for internode communication
# Note that when setting this, the buffer size is limited by net.core.wmem_max
# and when not setting it it is defined by net.ipv4.tcp_wmem
# See:
# /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max
# /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
# /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem
# /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem
# and: man tcp
# internode_send_buff_size_in_bytes:
# internode_recv_buff_size_in_bytes:
# Frame size for thrift (maximum message length).
thrift_framed_transport_size_in_mb: 15
# Set to true to have Cassandra create a hard link to each sstable
# flushed or streamed locally in a backups/ subdirectory of the
# keyspace data. Removing these links is the operator's
# responsibility.
incremental_backups: false
# Whether or not to take a snapshot before each compaction. Be
# careful using this option, since Cassandra won't clean up the
# snapshots for you. Mostly useful if you're paranoid when there
# is a data format change.
snapshot_before_compaction: false
# Whether or not a snapshot is taken of the data before keyspace truncation
# or dropping of column families. The STRONGLY advised default of true
# should be used to provide data safety. If you set this flag to false, you will
# lose data on truncation or drop.
auto_snapshot: true
# When executing a scan, within or across a partition, we need to keep the
# tombstones seen in memory so we can return them to the coordinator, which
# will use them to make sure other replicas also know about the deleted rows.
# With workloads that generate a lot of tombstones, this can cause performance
# problems and even exaust the server heap.
# (http://www.datastax.com/dev/blog/cassandra-anti-patterns-queues-and-queue-like-datasets)
# Adjust the thresholds here if you understand the dangers and want to
# scan more tombstones anyway. These thresholds may also be adjusted at runtime
# using the StorageService mbean.
tombstone_warn_threshold: 1000
tombstone_failure_threshold: 100000
# Granularity of the collation index of rows within a partition.
# Increase if your rows are large, or if you have a very large
# number of rows per partition. The competing goals are these:
# 1) a smaller granularity means more index entries are generated
# and looking up rows withing the partition by collation column
# is faster
# 2) but, Cassandra will keep the collation index in memory for hot
# rows (as part of the key cache), so a larger granularity means
# you can cache more hot rows
column_index_size_in_kb: 64
# Log WARN on any batch size exceeding this value. 5kb per batch by default.
# Caution should be taken on increasing the size of this threshold as it can lead to node instability.
batch_size_warn_threshold_in_kb: 5
# Fail any batch exceeding this value. 50kb (10x warn threshold) by default.
batch_size_fail_threshold_in_kb: 50
# Number of simultaneous compactions to allow, NOT including
# validation "compactions" for anti-entropy repair. Simultaneous
# compactions can help preserve read performance in a mixed read/write
# workload, by mitigating the tendency of small sstables to accumulate
# during a single long running compactions. The default is usually
# fine and if you experience problems with compaction running too
# slowly or too fast, you should look at
# compaction_throughput_mb_per_sec first.
#
# concurrent_compactors defaults to the smaller of (number of disks,
# number of cores), with a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 8.
#
# If your data directories are backed by SSD, you should increase this
# to the number of cores.
#concurrent_compactors: 2
# Throttles compaction to the given total throughput across the entire
# system. The faster you insert data, the faster you need to compact in
# order to keep the sstable count down, but in general, setting this to
# 16 to 32 times the rate you are inserting data is more than sufficient.
# Setting this to 0 disables throttling. Note that this account for all types
# of compaction, including validation compaction.
compaction_throughput_mb_per_sec: 16
# Log a warning when compacting partitions larger than this value
compaction_large_partition_warning_threshold_mb: 100
# When compacting, the replacement sstable(s) can be opened before they
# are completely written, and used in place of the prior sstables for
# any range that has been written. This helps to smoothly transfer reads
# between the sstables, reducing page cache churn and keeping hot rows hot
sstable_preemptive_open_interval_in_mb: 50
# Throttles all outbound streaming file transfers on this node to the
# given total throughput in Mbps. This is necessary because Cassandra does
# mostly sequential IO when streaming data during bootstrap or repair, which
# can lead to saturating the network connection and degrading rpc performance.
# When unset, the default is 200 Mbps or 25 MB/s.
# stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec: 200
# Throttles all streaming file transfer between the datacenters,
# this setting allows users to throttle inter dc stream throughput in addition
# to throttling all network stream traffic as configured with
# stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec
# inter_dc_stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec:
# How long the coordinator should wait for read operations to complete
read_request_timeout_in_ms: 5000
# How long the coordinator should wait for seq or index scans to complete
range_request_timeout_in_ms: 10000
# How long the coordinator should wait for writes to complete
write_request_timeout_in_ms: 2000
# How long the coordinator should wait for counter writes to complete
counter_write_request_timeout_in_ms: 5000
# How long a coordinator should continue to retry a CAS operation
# that contends with other proposals for the same row
cas_contention_timeout_in_ms: 1000
# How long the coordinator should wait for truncates to complete
# (This can be much longer, because unless auto_snapshot is disabled
# we need to flush first so we can snapshot before removing the data.)
truncate_request_timeout_in_ms: 60000
# The default timeout for other, miscellaneous operations
request_timeout_in_ms: 10000
# Enable operation timeout information exchange between nodes to accurately
# measure request timeouts. If disabled, replicas will assume that requests
# were forwarded to them instantly by the coordinator, which means that
# under overload conditions we will waste that much extra time processing
# already-timed-out requests.
#
# Warning: before enabling this property make sure to ntp is installed
# and the times are synchronized between the nodes.
cross_node_timeout: false
# Enable socket timeout for streaming operation.
# When a timeout occurs during streaming, streaming is retried from the start
# of the current file. This _can_ involve re-streaming an important amount of
# data, so you should avoid setting the value too low.
# Default value is 0, which never timeout streams.
# streaming_socket_timeout_in_ms: 0
# phi value that must be reached for a host to be marked down.
# most users should never need to adjust this.
# phi_convict_threshold: 8
# endpoint_snitch -- Set this to a class that implements
# IEndpointSnitch. The snitch has two functions:
# - it teaches Cassandra enough about your network topology to route
# requests efficiently
# - it allows Cassandra to spread replicas around your cluster to avoid
# correlated failures. It does this by grouping machines into
# "datacenters" and "racks." Cassandra will do its best not to have
# more than one replica on the same "rack" (which may not actually
# be a physical location)
#
# IF YOU CHANGE THE SNITCH AFTER DATA IS INSERTED INTO THE CLUSTER,
# YOU MUST RUN A FULL REPAIR, SINCE THE SNITCH AFFECTS WHERE REPLICAS
# ARE PLACED.
#
# Out of the box, Cassandra provides
# - SimpleSnitch:
# Treats Strategy order as proximity. This can improve cache
# locality when disabling read repair. Only appropriate for
# single-datacenter deployments.
# - GossipingPropertyFileSnitch
# This should be your go-to snitch for production use. The rack
# and datacenter for the local node are defined in
# cassandra-rackdc.properties and propagated to other nodes via
# gossip. If cassandra-topology.properties exists, it is used as a
# fallback, allowing migration from the PropertyFileSnitch.
# - PropertyFileSnitch:
# Proximity is determined by rack and data center, which are
# explicitly configured in cassandra-topology.properties.
# - Ec2Snitch:
# Appropriate for EC2 deployments in a single Region. Loads Region
# and Availability Zone information from the EC2 API. The Region is
# treated as the datacenter, and the Availability Zone as the rack.
# Only private IPs are used, so this will not work across multiple
# Regions.
# - Ec2MultiRegionSnitch:
# Uses public IPs as broadcast_address to allow cross-region
# connectivity. (Thus, you should set seed addresses to the public
# IP as well.) You will need to open the storage_port or
# ssl_storage_port on the public IP firewall. (For intra-Region
# traffic, Cassandra will switch to the private IP after
# establishing a connection.)
# - RackInferringSnitch:
# Proximity is determined by rack and data center, which are
# assumed to correspond to the 3rd and 2nd octet of each node's IP
# address, respectively. Unless this happens to match your
# deployment conventions, this is best used as an example of
# writing a custom Snitch class and is provided in that spirit.
#
# You can use a custom Snitch by setting this to the full class name
# of the snitch, which will be assumed to be on your classpath.
endpoint_snitch: SimpleSnitch
# controls how often to perform the more expensive part of host score
# calculation
dynamic_snitch_update_interval_in_ms: 100
# controls how often to reset all host scores, allowing a bad host to
# possibly recover
dynamic_snitch_reset_interval_in_ms: 600000
# if set greater than zero and read_repair_chance is < 1.0, this will allow
# 'pinning' of replicas to hosts in order to increase cache capacity.
# The badness threshold will control how much worse the pinned host has to be
# before the dynamic snitch will prefer other replicas over it. This is
# expressed as a double which represents a percentage. Thus, a value of
# 0.2 means Cassandra would continue to prefer the static snitch values
# until the pinned host was 20% worse than the fastest.
dynamic_snitch_badness_threshold: 0.1
# request_scheduler -- Set this to a class that implements
# RequestScheduler, which will schedule incoming client requests
# according to the specific policy. This is useful for multi-tenancy
# with a single Cassandra cluster.
# NOTE: This is specifically for requests from the client and does
# not affect inter node communication.
# org.apache.cassandra.scheduler.NoScheduler - No scheduling takes place
# org.apache.cassandra.scheduler.RoundRobinScheduler - Round robin of
# client requests to a node with a separate queue for each
# request_scheduler_id. The scheduler is further customized by
# request_scheduler_options as described below.
request_scheduler: org.apache.cassandra.scheduler.NoScheduler
# Scheduler Options vary based on the type of scheduler
# NoScheduler - Has no options
# RoundRobin
# - throttle_limit -- The throttle_limit is the number of in-flight
# requests per client. Requests beyond
# that limit are queued up until
# running requests can complete.
# The value of 80 here is twice the number of
# concurrent_reads + concurrent_writes.
# - default_weight -- default_weight is optional and allows for
# overriding the default which is 1.
# - weights -- Weights are optional and will default to 1 or the
# overridden default_weight. The weight translates into how
# many requests are handled during each turn of the
# RoundRobin, based on the scheduler id.
#
# request_scheduler_options:
# throttle_limit: 80
# default_weight: 5
# weights:
# Keyspace1: 1
# Keyspace2: 5
# request_scheduler_id -- An identifier based on which to perform
# the request scheduling. Currently the only valid option is keyspace.
# request_scheduler_id: keyspace
# Enable or disable inter-node encryption
# Default settings are TLS v1, RSA 1024-bit keys (it is imperative that
# users generate their own keys) TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA as the cipher
# suite for authentication, key exchange and encryption of the actual data transfers.
# Use the DHE/ECDHE ciphers if running in FIPS 140 compliant mode.
# NOTE: No custom encryption options are enabled at the moment
# The available internode options are : all, none, dc, rack
#
# If set to dc cassandra will encrypt the traffic between the DCs
# If set to rack cassandra will encrypt the traffic between the racks
#
# The passwords used in these options must match the passwords used when generating
# the keystore and truststore. For instructions on generating these files, see:
# http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/security/jsse/JSSERefGuide.html#CreateKeystore
#
server_encryption_options:
internode_encryption: none
keystore: conf/.keystore
keystore_password: cassandra
truststore: conf/.truststore
truststore_password: cassandra
# More advanced defaults below:
#protocol: TLS
#algorithm: SunX509
#store_type: JKS
#cipher_suites: [TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA]
# require_client_auth: false
# enable or disable client/server encryption.
client_encryption_options:
enabled: false
keystore: conf/.keystore
keystore_password: cassandra
# require_client_auth: false
# Set trustore and truststore_password if require_client_auth is true
# truststore: conf/.truststore
# truststore_password: cassandra
# More advanced defaults below:
# protocol: TLS
# algorithm: SunX509
# store_type: JKS
# cipher_suites: [TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA]
# internode_compression controls whether traffic between nodes is
# compressed.
# can be: all - all traffic is compressed
# dc - traffic between different datacenters is compressed
# none - nothing is compressed.
internode_compression: all
# Enable or disable tcp_nodelay for inter-dc communication.
# Disabling it will result in larger (but fewer) network packets being sent,
# reducing overhead from the TCP protocol itself, at the cost of increasing
# latency if you block for cross-datacenter responses.
inter_dc_tcp_nodelay: false
# TTL for different trace types used during logging of the repair process.
tracetype_query_ttl: 86400
tracetype_repair_ttl: 604800
# UDFs (user defined functions) are disabled by default.
# As of Cassandra 2.2, there is no security manager or anything else in place that
# prevents execution of evil code. CASSANDRA-9402 will fix this issue for Cassandra 3.0.
# This will inherently be backwards-incompatible with any 2.2 UDF that perform insecure
# operations such as opening a socket or writing to the filesystem.
enable_user_defined_functions: false
# The default Windows kernel timer and scheduling resolution is 15.6ms for power conservation.
# Lowering this value on Windows can provide much tighter latency and better throughput, however
# some virtualized environments may see a negative performance impact from changing this setting
# below their system default. The sysinternals 'clockres' tool can confirm your system's default
# setting.
windows_timer_interval: 1
最佳答案
c* 中的模式操作不会通过 Cassandra 中的常规写入路径。它们通过单独的机制在内部复制。
如果您检查 nodetool describecluster您可能会看到每个节点都在不同的架构版本上。滚动重启应该可以解决这个问题。
关于cassandra - Cassandra 中的架构更改超时，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31894248/