第一次在这里发帖。感谢您花时间查看该问题。
正如标题所示，问题与 Flex 应用程序的服务层有关。特别是在测试用例类中。要调用服务，用户必须首先通过基于 html/CF 的页面进行身份验证。一旦完成并且进行身份验证，用户将被定向到嵌入了 Flex 应用程序的 html 页面。经过身份验证后，服务器端 CF 代码会将 cookie 写入用户计算机。然后 Flex 应用程序会读取此 Cookie，Flex 应用程序需要该 Cookie 来调用 CF 服务。
问题是:在 Flex 应用程序中的服务类的测试用例类中应该如何处理这个问题？基本上需要执行以下步骤:使用一些帐户数据来访问服务器并进行身份验证，然后需要写入 cookie(它已经会了)，然后测试用例需要从 cookie 中获取 session ID 并通过它到测试用例中的服务调用。对于测试用例类来说，这一切似乎太多了。
那么，这种事情通常是如何处理的呢？据我所知，Web 服务调用通常需要这样的 session ID。
非常感谢任何想法、意见、建议等。
感谢您的宝贵时间以及您提供的任何信息。
肖恩
最佳答案
cookie 和实际的服务调用将在集成测试中进行测试。 Yoyou 认为这些位不适合单元测试是正确的。
我喜欢做的是创建一个伟大的委托(delegate)(假设您的集成点尚未表达接口(interface))并创建实现我选择的接口(interface)的测试委托(delegate)。该 cookie 将被“检索”，并且对于您的测试目的始终有效。如果您需要它为 false，请创建另一个测试委托(delegate)并将其作为依赖项提供。
Mockolate 可以大有帮助，但构建可靠的模拟是关键。
这是一个例子。它没有直接回答您的问题，但我认为它代表了一些相同的问题，因此可能会帮助您解决特定的情况。
我正在使用第三方库来处理此应用程序中的 SQL 操作。该库有一个名为 SQLRunner 的核心类。碰巧，这个类没有接口(interface)(这会让事情变得更容易一些)。我有两个选择。
- fork 并修改库以表达接口(interface)。
- 将 SQLRunner 包装在我自己的委托(delegate)类中。
事实上，我两种方法都做了，但出于多种原因更喜欢第二种方法。我能够完全定义第 3 方库的 API 和功能。这太棒了。我实际上并没有更改 API，但如果您不喜欢它的方法命名方式...不用担心，请更改它。它还允许我表达一个界面!我最初这样做是因为我想使用 Mockolate 来模拟它的用法。它对于创建我自己的测试模型也很有用，这些模型具有更强大的功能并且更清晰。所以这是服务:
public class SQLTaskService extends Actor implements ITaskService
{
[Inject]
public var sqlRunner:ISQLRunnerDelegate;
[Inject]
public var statusListModel:StatusListModel;
[Inject]
public var taskListModel:TaskListModel;
public function loadAllTasks():void
{
statusListModel.removeAllTasks();
sqlRunner.execute(LOAD_ALL_TASKS_SQL, null, loadAllTasksResultHandler, Task, databaseErrorHandler);
}
private function loadAllTasksResultHandler(result:SQLResult):void
{
for each(var task:Task in result.data)
{
var taskStatus:Status = statusListModel.getStatusFromId(task.statusId);
statusListModel.addTaskToStatus(task, taskStatus);
taskListModel.addTask(task);
}
}
public function loadTaskById(id:int):void
{
sqlRunner.execute(LOAD_TASK_SQL, {taskId:id}, loadTaskResultHandler, Task);
}
private function loadTaskResultHandler(result:SQLResult):void
{
var task:Task = result.data[0] as Task;
var taskStatus:Status = statusListModel.getStatusFromId(task.statusId);
task = taskListModel.updateTask(task);
statusListModel.addTaskToStatus(task, taskStatus);
}
public function save(task:Task):void
{
var params:Object = task.toParamObject();
sqlRunner.executeModify(Vector.<QueuedStatement>(
[new QueuedStatement(SAVE_TASK_SQL, params)]), saveTaskResultHandler, databaseErrorHandler);
}
private function saveTaskResultHandler(results:Vector.<SQLResult>):void
{
var result:SQLResult = results[0];
if (result.rowsAffected > 0)
{
var id:Number = result.lastInsertRowID;
loadTaskById(id);
}
}
public function deleteTask(task:Task):void
{
sqlRunner.executeModify(Vector.<QueuedStatement>([new QueuedStatement(DELETE_TASK_SQL, {taskId:task.taskId})]),
deleteTaskResult, databaseErrorHandler);
}
private function deleteTaskResult(results:Vector.<SQLResult>):void
{
//pass
}
private function databaseErrorHandler(error:SQLError):void
{
dispatch(new DatabaseErrorHandlerEvent(error.message));
}
[Embed(source="/assets/data/sql/tasks/SaveTask.sql", mimeType="application/octet-stream")]
private static const SaveTaskStatementText:Class;
public static const SAVE_TASK_SQL:String = new SaveTaskStatementText();
[Embed(source="/assets/data/sql/tasks/DeleteTask.sql", mimeType="application/octet-stream")]
private static const DeleteTaskStatementText:Class;
public static const DELETE_TASK_SQL:String = new DeleteTaskStatementText();
[Embed(source="/assets/data/sql/tasks/LoadTask.sql", mimeType="application/octet-stream")]
private static const LoadTaskStatementText:Class;
public static const LOAD_TASK_SQL:String = new LoadTaskStatementText();
[Embed(source="/assets/data/sql/tasks/LoadAllTasks.sql", mimeType="application/octet-stream")]
private static const LoadAllTasksStatementText:Class;
public static const LOAD_ALL_TASKS_SQL:String = new LoadAllTasksStatementText();
}
你可以看到它有委托(delegate)依赖:
/**
* This is a delegate for the SQLRunner class that allows us to utilize an interface
* for the purposes of creating mocks. The actual SQLRunner class does not express
* an interface. This approach also allows us to encapsulate the usage of a 3rd party
* library into this single delegate.
*
* <p>An alternative would be to fork and modify the original library, which would
* definitely be a viable option and would help others in the future.</p>
*/
public class SQLRunnerDelegate implements ISQLRunnerDelegate
{
private var sqlRunner:SQLRunner;
public function SQLRunnerDelegate(dataBaseFile:File, maxPoolSize:int = 5)
{
sqlRunner = new SQLRunner(dataBaseFile, maxPoolSize);
}
public function get numConnections():int
{
return sqlRunner.numConnections;
}
public function get connectionErrorHandler():Function
{
return sqlRunner.connectionErrorHandler;
}
public function set connectionErrorHandler(value:Function):void
{
sqlRunner.connectionErrorHandler = value;
}
public function execute(sql:String, parameters:Object, handler:Function, itemClass:Class = null, errorHandler:Function = null):void
{
sqlRunner.execute(sql, parameters, handler, itemClass, errorHandler);
}
public function executeModify(statementBatch:Vector.<QueuedStatement>, resultHandler:Function, errorHandler:Function, progressHandler:Function = null):void
{
sqlRunner.executeModify(statementBatch, resultHandler, errorHandler, progressHandler);
}
public function close(resultHandler:Function, errorHandler:Function = null):void
{
sqlRunner.close(resultHandler, errorHandler);
}
}
效果非常好。现在我的应用程序有一个与第三方库的微小集成点。大胜利。我还可以进行强大的模拟，而不必处理对文件系统的依赖或第三方库的任何其他奇怪之处:</p>
/**
* This is a more robust mock for the SQLRunnerDelegate to test for
* side effects that occur when methods are called on SQLTaskService
*/
public class MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate extends MockSQLRunnerDelegateBase implements ISQLRunnerDelegate
{
public function execute(sql:String, parameters:Object, handler:Function, itemClass:Class = null, errorHandler:Function = null):void
{
lastStatementExecuted = sql;
allStatementsExecuted.push(lastStatementExecuted);
parametersSent = parameters;
switch (sql)
{
case SQLTaskService.LOAD_ALL_TASKS_SQL:
handler.call(null, loadTask());
break;
case SQLTaskService.LOAD_TASK_SQL:
handler.call(null, loadTask());
break;
default:
break;
}
}
private function loadTask():SQLResult
{
var task:Task = new Task();
var data:Array = [task];
var result:SQLResult = new SQLResult(data);
task.taskId = 1;
task.statusId = 1;
return result;
}
public function executeModify(statementBatch:Vector.<QueuedStatement>, resultHandler:Function, errorHandler:Function, progressHandler:Function = null):void
{
lastStatementExecuted = statementBatch[0].statementText;
allStatementsExecuted.push(lastStatementExecuted);
parametersSent = statementBatch[0].parameters;
switch (lastStatementExecuted)
{
case SQLTaskService.SAVE_TASK_SQL:
resultHandler.call(null, saveTask());
break;
}
}
private function saveTask():Vector.<SQLResult>
{
var task:Task = new Task();
var result:SQLResult = new SQLResult([task], 1, true, 1);
var results:Vector.<SQLResult> = new Vector.<SQLResult>();
task.taskId = task.statusId = 1;
results.push(result);
return results;
}
public function get numConnections():int
{
return 0;
}
public function get connectionErrorHandler():Function
{
return null;
}
public function set connectionErrorHandler(value:Function):void
{
}
public function close(resultHandler:Function, errorHandler:Function = null):void
{
}
}
我从交易中得到了一个很好的测试套件:
public class SqlTaskServiceTest
{
private var taskService:SQLTaskService;
[Before(async)]
public function setup():void
{
taskService = new SQLTaskService();
taskService.statusListModel = new StatusListModel();
taskService.taskListModel = new TaskListModel();
initializeModels();
prepareMockolates();
}
public function prepareMockolates():void
{
Async.proceedOnEvent(this, prepare(ISQLRunnerDelegate), Event.COMPLETE);
}
[Test]
public function loadAllTasks_executesSqlStatement_statementEqualsLoadAll():void
{
var runner:MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate = new MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate();
taskService.sqlRunner = runner;
taskService.loadAllTasks();
assertThat(runner.lastStatementExecuted, equalTo(SQLTaskService.LOAD_ALL_TASKS_SQL));
}
[Test]
public function loadAllTasks_clearsTasksFromStatusListModel_lengthIsEqualToZero():void
{
var status:Status = new Status();
var task:Task = new Task();
initializeModels(status, task);
taskService.sqlRunner = nice(ISQLRunnerDelegate);
taskService.loadAllTasks();
assertThat(status.tasks.length, equalTo(0))
}
[Test]
public function loadAllTasks_updatesTaskListModelWithLoadedTasks_collectionLengthIsOne():void
{
taskService.sqlRunner = new MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate();
taskService.loadAllTasks();
assertThat(taskService.taskListModel.tasks.length, equalTo(1));
}
[Test]
public function loadAllTasks_updatesStatusWithTask_statusHasTasks():void
{
var status:Status = new Status();
initializeModels(status);
taskService.sqlRunner = new MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate();
taskService.loadAllTasks();
assertThat(status.tasks.length, greaterThan(0));
}
[Test]
public function save_executesSqlStatement_statementEqualsSave():void
{
var task:Task = new Task();
var runner:MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate = new MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate();
taskService.sqlRunner = runner;
task.statusId = 1;
taskService.save(task);
assertThat(runner.allStatementsExecuted, hasItem(SQLTaskService.SAVE_TASK_SQL));
}
[Test]
public function save_taskIsLoadedAfterSave_statementEqualsLoad():void
{
var task:Task = new Task();
var runner:MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate = new MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate();
taskService.sqlRunner = runner;
task.statusId = 1;
taskService.save(task);
assertThat(runner.allStatementsExecuted, hasItem(SQLTaskService.LOAD_TASK_SQL));
}
[Test]
public function save_taskIsAddedToModelWhenNew_tasksLengthGreaterThanZero():void
{
var taskListModel:TaskListModel = taskService.taskListModel;
var task:Task = new Task();
taskListModel.reset();
taskService.sqlRunner = new MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate();
task.statusId = 1;
task.taskId = 1;
taskService.save(task);
assertThat(taskListModel.tasks.length, equalTo(1));
}
[Test]
public function save_existingTaskInstanceIsUpdatedAfterSave_objectsAreStrictlyEqual():void
{
var taskListModel:TaskListModel = taskService.taskListModel;
var task:Task = new Task();
var updatedTask:Task;
taskListModel.addTask(task);
taskService.sqlRunner = new MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate();
task.statusId = 1;
task.taskId = 1;
taskService.save(task);
updatedTask = taskListModel.getTaskById(task.taskId);
assertThat(updatedTask, strictlyEqualTo(task));
}
[Test]
public function loadTaskById_executesLoadStatement_statementEqualsLoad():void
{
var runner:MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate = new MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate();
taskService.sqlRunner = runner;
taskService.loadTaskById(1);
assertThat(runner.allStatementsExecuted, hasItem(SQLTaskService.LOAD_TASK_SQL));
}
[Test]
public function deleteTasks_executesDeleteStatement_statementEqualsDelete():void
{
var task:Task = new Task();
var runner:MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate = new MockTaskSQLRunnerDelegate();
taskService.sqlRunner = runner;
taskService.deleteTask(task);
assertThat(runner.allStatementsExecuted, hasItem(SQLTaskService.DELETE_TASK_SQL));
}
private function initializeModels(status:Status = null, task:Task = null):void
{
var statusListModel:StatusListModel = taskService.statusListModel;
statusListModel.reset();
//if nothing was passed in we need to default to new objects
status ||= new Status();
task ||= new Task();
status.statusId = 1;
task.taskId = task.statusId = 1;
statusListModel.statuses.addItem(status);
statusListModel.addTaskToStatus(task, status);
}
}
旁注:我想在这里指出的是，没有一个异步测试。很少需要异步运行单元测试。在某些边缘情况下您可能确实需要这样做，但它们是异常(exception)。
关于apache-flex - 如何在 Flex/AS3 中使用基于 cookie 的 session 来测试服务，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6590706/