oop - 使用 oop 继承的 angularjs

抽象的

我正在开发一个使用 angular 作为客户端框架的应用程序，angular 目前很稳定，我很高兴使用它，但现在我发现我使用了很多复制和粘贴代码，我想将这些代码组织到类层次结构中.例如对话框共享一组通用的功能，它们需要打开、关闭，代码提供typeahead功能也是从某些父 BaseTypeaheadClass 继承的第一个候选者，尽管我在 angular 中没有发现的一件事是组织这些层次结构的标准方法。 Controller 、服务、提供者都使用普通的 javascript 函数，这些函数可以通过 prototype 扩展。，所以我的问题是:

题

组织我的类功能的 Angular 方式是什么，是否有任何标准机制允许从另一个类派生一个类

附言

我对这个问题的猜测:

将基类的实现定义为服务，因此它们将很容易注入(inject)到需要该特定类的任何 Controller 或其他服务中

定义 OOP服务和提供方法如define , derive等将用于创建基类/派生类

编辑

从我最初提出我的问题以来已经过去了一段时间。从那以后，我提出了我在几个项目中成功使用的方法，我非常喜欢并想与大家分享。

目前 angular 没有提供任何用于组织类层次结构的构造，很遗憾，因为或多或少的大型应用程序仅能满足 Model/View/Controller/... 构造，它必须将其代码组织到 OOP 对象中。

我已经在 Web 开发领域工作了很长时间，我还没有看到一个企业项目在 JavaScript 中大量利用 OOP。我看到的是巨大且组织良好的服务器端/数据库端逻辑+接近无限的javascript意大利面，在客户端涂上大量框架和库。

没有 MVVM，MVP 框架(例如knockout.js、backbone、其他……)能够替代 OOP。如果你没有使用面向编程的核心原则，比如类、对象、继承、抽象、多态，你就会陷入困境，你最终会得到一个超长的 javascript 意大利面。

关于 Angular，我认为它是一个与 Knockout.js/backbone.js/任何其他 MVV-anything 框架非常不同的框架，但根据我的实践，它也不是能够取代 OOP 的 Elixir 。当我试图不将 OOP 与 Angular 一起使用时，我最终会得到主要位于 Controller 中的重复逻辑。不幸的是，没有(我发现没有)解决这个问题的干净和有 Angular 的方式。

但我已经成功(我认为)解决了这个问题。

我使用了紧凑的零依赖库，它只是实现了 John Resig's Simple JavaScript Inheritance ( https://github.com/tracker1/core-js/blob/master/js-extensions/040-Class.js )。在该库的帮助下，我能够创建/继承/创建抽象方法/覆盖它们，换句话说，我可以在服务器端执行我习惯的所有操作。

这是一个示例用法:

Application.factory('SomeChildObject', ['$http', 'SomeParentClass', function ($http, SomeParentClass) {
    var SomeChildClass = SomeParentClass.extend({
        init: function() { // Constructor
            this._super.init(123, 231); // call base constructor
        },
        someFunction: function() {
            // Notice that your OOP now knows everything that can be injected into angular service, which is pretty cool :)
            $http({method: 'GET', url: '/someUrl'}).then(function(){
                this._super.someFunction(); // call base function implementation
            });
        }
    });

    // return new SomeChildClass(); // We are not returning instance here!

    return SomeChildClass; // Service is a function definition not an instance of an object
}]);

// So now we can both use this service in angular and have the ability to extend it using the `extend` method call, like so:
Application.controller('MegaController', ['$scope', 'SomeChildClass', function ($scope, SomeChildClass) {
    $scope.someObject = new SomeChildClass();
}]);

OOP + Angular 可以很好地结合在一起，在 Angular 上下文下创建的对象可以通过服务自动利用依赖注入(inject)，因此您不必将实例注入(inject)到您的 OOP 构造函数中，这一事实使您的 OOP 层次结构非常纤薄且没有不相关的东西需要(并且正在)由 angular.js 处理

因此，请使用这种方法并在此处提供您获得的结果或遇到的问题的反馈，

另一个编辑

最近我遇到了原始 Class.js 实现的一些问题，如下所示:

1) 如果您要将实例方法的引用作为对其他方法的回调传递，则这些方法的工作方式可能与您期望的方式不同。他们将失去对 this 的引用.在这种情况下，您将期望在 this 中看到您当前的对象。但它将是顶级 Window或其他一些上下文对象，具体取决于回调如何调用您的方法。这是由于 JavaScript 架构造成的。为了解决这个问题，特设ClassMember提供了指示 Class 的函数在创建时将您的方法绑定(bind)到对象上下文(检查 Usage 下面的进一步指导)。

2)显然是原创Class.js实现对 Controller 方法声明的 Angular 类型一无所知，即

Class.extend('YourClassDisplayName', {
    ctor: function () {
        // Some useful constructor logic
    },
    controller: ['$scope', '$attrs', function ($scope, $attrs) {
        // Do something with $scope and $attrs
    }]
});

当前实现理解上述语法

3)如果使用上述方法而没有适当的处理，它会破坏 Angular $$annotate '在处理过程中，因此引用上面的示例将无法注入(inject) $scope和 $attrs进成ClassMember方法，或使用 this.base(...) 的覆盖方法调用。所以这也是固定的。

陷阱:

1) 使用时this.base(...)在异步操作处理程序(类似于 $http.get(..., function() { self.base(...); }) )中，请注意 this.base(...)调用的生命周期是有限的，只要方法返回 this.base(...)停止存在。因此，如果您计划以异步方式调用基方法，则应显式保存对基方法的引用。 IE:

...
var self = this;
var base = this.base;
...
$http.get(..., function () {
    base.call(self, ...); // or base.apply(self, ...), or base() if you don't care about `this`
})

以上问题我都解决了(除了一个由于JavaScript架构无法解决的问题)，想和大家分享一下，希望大家能从中受益:

/* Simple JavaScript Inheritance
 * By John Resig http://ejohn.org/
 * MIT Licensed.
 *
 * Inspired by base2 and Prototype

 * Angular adaptations by Denis Yaremov http://github.com/lu4
 * Usage:
 ---------------------------------

   var X = Class.extend('X', {
       ctor: function () {
           this.name = "I'm X";
       },

       myOrdinaryMethod: function (x, y, z) {
           console.log([this.name, x, y, z]);
       },

       myClassMemberMethod: ClassMember(function (x, y, z) {
           console.log([this.name, x, y, z]);
       })
   });

   var Y = Class.extend('Y', {
       ctor: function () {
           this.name = "I'm Y";
       },

       myOrdinaryMethod: function (x, y, z) {
           console.log([this.name, x, y, z]);
       },

       myClassMemberMethod: ClassMember(function (x, y, z) {
           console.log([this.name, x, y, z]);
       })
   });

   var x = new X();
   var y = new Y();

   x.myClassMemberMethod('a', 'b', 'c'); // ["I'm X", "a", "b", "c"] 
   y.myClassMemberMethod('u', 'v', 'm'); // ["I'm Y", "u", "v", "m"] 

   x.myOrdinaryMethod('a', 'b', 'c'); // ["I'm X", "a", "b", "c"] 
   y.myOrdinaryMethod('u', 'v', 'm'); // ["I'm Y", "u", "v", "m"] 

   y.theirOrdinaryMethod = x.myOrdinaryMethod;
   y.theirClassMemberMethod = x.myClassMemberMethod;

   y.theirOrdinaryMethod('a', 'b', 'c'); // ["I'm Y", "a", "b", "c"] 
   y.theirClassMemberMethod('u', 'v', 'm'); // ["I'm X", "u", "v", "m"]

*/

angular.module('app').factory('ClassMember', function () {
    return function ClassMember(fn) {
        if (this instanceof ClassMember) {
            this.fn = fn;
        } else {
            return new ClassMember(fn);
        }
    };
});

angular.module('app').factory('Class', function (ClassMember) {
    var runtime = { initializing: false },
        fnTest = /xyz/.test(function() { xyz; }) ? /\bbase\b/ : /.*/,
        FN_ARGS = /^function\s*[^\(]*\(\s*([^\)]*)\)/m,
        STRIP_COMMENTS = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;

    var toString = Object.prototype.toString;

    // The base Class implementation (does nothing)
    function Class() { };

    Class.members = { };

    // Create a new Class that inherits from this class
    Class.extend = function extend(displayName, properties) {
        var array;

        var targetMembers = {};
        var sourceMembers = this.members;

        for (var memberName in sourceMembers) {
            if (sourceMembers.hasOwnProperty(memberName)) {
                targetMembers[memberName] = sourceMembers[memberName];
            }
        }

        var base = this.prototype;

        // Instantiate a base class (but only create the instance,
        // don't run the ctor constructor)
        runtime.initializing = true;
        var prototype = new this();
        runtime.initializing = false;

        // Copy the properties over onto the new prototype
        for (var name in properties) {
            if (properties.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
                // Check if we're overwriting an existing function
                var property = properties[name];

                // Support angular's controller/service/factory declaration notation
                if (toString.call(property) === '[object Array]') {
                    array = property;

                    var item = array[array.length - 1];

                    if (toString.call(item) === '[object Function]' || item instanceof ClassMember) {
                        property = array[array.length - 1];
                    } else {
                        array = null;
                    }
                } else {
                    array = null;
                }

                var isClassMember = property instanceof ClassMember;

                if (isClassMember) {
                    property = property.fn;
                }

                if (typeof property === "function") {
                    if (typeof base[name] === "function" && fnTest.test(property)) {
                        property = (function (propertyName, fn) {
                            var args = fn.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, '').match(FN_ARGS)[1];
                            return (new Function('propertyName', 'fn', 'base', 'return function (' + args + ') {\n\
                                    var prevBase = this.base;\n\
                                    var hasBase = "base" in this;\n\
\n\
                                    // Add a new .base() method that is the same method\n\
                                    // but on the super-class\n\
\n\
                                    this.base = base[propertyName];\n\
\n\
                                    // The method only need to be bound temporarily, so we\n\
                                    // remove it when we\'re done executing\n\
                                    var ret = fn.call(this' + (!!args ? (', ' + args) : args) + ');\n\
\n\
                                    if (hasBase) {\n\
                                        this.base = prevBase;\n\
                                    } else {\n\
                                        delete this["base"];\n\
                                    }\n\
                                    return ret;\n\
                                }'))(propertyName, fn, base);
                        })(name, property);
                    }

                    if (isClassMember) {
                        targetMembers[name] = property;
                    } else if (name in targetMembers) {
                        delete targetMembers[name];
                    }

                    if (array) {
                        array[array.length - 1] = property;

                        property = array;
                    }

                    prototype[name] = property;
                } else {
                    prototype[name] = property;
                }
            }
        }

        var membersArray = [];
        for (var i in targetMembers) {
            if (targetMembers.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
                membersArray.push({ name: i, fn: targetMembers[i] });
            }
        }

        // All construction is actually done in the ctor method
        var ChildClass = (new Function("runtime", "members", "FN_ARGS", "STRIP_COMMENTS", "return function " + (displayName || "Class") + "() {\n\
            if (!runtime.initializing && this.ctor)\n\
            {\n\
                var length = members.length;\n\
                for (var i = 0; i < length; i++)\n\
                {\n\
                    var item = members[i];\n\
                    this[item.name] = (function (me, fn) {\n\
                        var args = fn.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, '').match(FN_ARGS)[1];\n\
                        return args ? (new Function('me', 'fn', 'return function (' + args + ') { return fn.call(me, ' + args + '); }'))(me, fn) : function () { return fn.call(me); };\n\
                    })(this, item.fn);\n\
\n\
                }\n\
                this.ctor.apply(this, arguments);\n\
            }\n\
        }"))(runtime, membersArray, FN_ARGS, STRIP_COMMENTS);

        ChildClass.members = targetMembers;

        // Populate our constructed prototype object
        ChildClass.prototype = prototype;

        // Enforce the constructor to be what we expect
        ChildClass.prototype.constructor = ChildClass;

        // And make this class extendable
        ChildClass.extend = extend;

        return ChildClass;
    };

    return Class;
});

另一个编辑

最终，我偶然发现了另一个与原始 John Resig 与 angular 相关的实现相关的问题，该问题与 angular 的注释过程(用于依赖注入(inject))有关，它使用 Function.prototype.toString() 和一些 Regex'es 作为目的是提取依赖项的名称。原始实现的问题在于它不期望这一点，因此您无法声明接受依赖项的方法，因此我稍微调整了实现以处理先前描述的问题，这里是:

/* Simple JavaScript Inheritance
 * By John Resig http://ejohn.org/
 * MIT Licensed.
 *
 * Inspired by base2 and Prototype

 * Angular adaptations by Denis Yaremov http://github.com/lu4
 * Usage:
 ---------------------------------

   var X = Class.extend('X', {
       ctor: function () {
           this.name = "I'm X";
       },

       myOrdinaryMethod: function (x, y, z) {
           console.log([this.name, x, y, z]);
       },

       myClassMemberMethod: ClassMember(function (x, y, z) {
           console.log([this.name, x, y, z]);
       })
   });

   var Y = Class.extend('Y', {
       ctor: function () {
           this.name = "I'm Y";
       },

       myOrdinaryMethod: function (x, y, z) {
           console.log([this.name, x, y, z]);
       },

       myClassMemberMethod: ClassMember(function (x, y, z) {
           console.log([this.name, x, y, z]);
       })
   });

   var x = new X();
   var y = new Y();

   x.myClassMemberMethod('a', 'b', 'c'); // ["I'm X", "a", "b", "c"] 
   y.myClassMemberMethod('u', 'v', 'm'); // ["I'm Y", "u", "v", "m"] 

   x.myOrdinaryMethod('a', 'b', 'c'); // ["I'm X", "a", "b", "c"] 
   y.myOrdinaryMethod('u', 'v', 'm'); // ["I'm Y", "u", "v", "m"] 

   y.theirOrdinaryMethod = x.myOrdinaryMethod;
   y.theirClassMemberMethod = x.myClassMemberMethod;

   y.theirOrdinaryMethod('a', 'b', 'c'); // ["I'm Y", "a", "b", "c"] 
   y.theirClassMemberMethod('u', 'v', 'm'); // ["I'm X", "u", "v", "m"]

*/


angular.module('homer').factory('Class', function () {
    function ClassMember(fn) {
        if (this instanceof ClassMember) {
            this.fn = fn;
            return this;
        } else {
            return new ClassMember(fn);
        }
    }

    function ClassEvent() {
        if (this instanceof ClassEvent) {
            return this;
        } else {
            return new ClassEvent();
        }
    }

    var runtime = { initializing: false },
        fnTest = /xyz/.test(function () { xyz; }) ? /\bbase\b/ : /.*/,
        fnArgs = /^function\s*[^\(]*\(\s*([^\)]*)\)/m,
        stripComments = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;

    var toString = Object.prototype.toString;

    // The base Class implementation (does nothing)
    function Class() { };

    Class.events = {};
    Class.members = {};

    // Create a new Class that inherits from this class
    Class.extend = function Extend(displayName, properties) {
        var array;

        var targetEvents = {};
        var sourceEvents = this.events;

        var targetMembers = {};
        var sourceMembers = this.members;

        for (var eventName in sourceEvents) {
            if (sourceEvents.hasOwnProperty(eventName)) {
                targetEvents[eventName] = sourceEvents[eventName];
            }
        }

        for (var memberName in sourceMembers) {
            if (sourceMembers.hasOwnProperty(memberName)) {
                targetMembers[memberName] = sourceMembers[memberName];
            }
        }

        var base = this.prototype;

        // Instantiate a base class (but only create the instance,
        // don't run the ctor constructor)
        runtime.initializing = true;
        var prototype = new this();
        runtime.initializing = false;

        // Copy the properties over onto the new prototype
        for (var name in properties) {
            if (properties.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
                // Check if we're overwriting an existing function
                var property = properties[name];

                // Support angular's controller/service/factory declaration notation
                if (toString.call(property) === '[object Array]') {
                    array = property;

                    var item = array[array.length - 1];

                    if (toString.call(item) === '[object Function]' || item instanceof ClassMember) {
                        property = array[array.length - 1];
                    } else {
                        array = null;
                    }
                } else {
                    array = null;
                }

                var isClassMember = property instanceof ClassMember;

                if (isClassMember) {
                    property = property.fn;
                }

                var isClassEvent = property instanceof ClassEvent;

                if (isClassEvent) {
                    property = (function() {
                        function Subscriber(fn) {
                            Subscriber.listeners.push(fn.bind(this));
                        };

                        Subscriber.listeners = [];
                        Subscriber.fire = function() {
                            var listeners = Subscriber.listeners;

                            for (var i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {
                                var result = listeners[i].apply(this, arguments);

                                if (result !== undefined) return result;
                            }

                            return void 0;
                        }

                        return Subscriber;
                    })();
                }

                if (typeof property === "function") {
                    if (typeof base[name] === "function" && fnTest.test(property)) {
                        property = (function (propertyName, fn) {
                            var args = fn.toString().replace(stripComments, '').match(fnArgs)[1];
                            return (new Function('propertyName', 'fn', 'base', 'return function (' + args + ') {\n\
                                    var prevBase = this.base;\n\
                                    var hasBase = "base" in this;\n\
\n\
                                    // Add a new .base() method that is the same method\n\
                                    // but on the super-class\n\
\n\
                                    this.base = base[propertyName];\n\
\n\
                                    // The method only need to be bound temporarily, so we\n\
                                    // remove it when we\'re done executing\n\
                                    var ret = fn.call(this' + (!!args ? (', ' + args) : args) + ');\n\
\n\
                                    if (hasBase) {\n\
                                        this.base = prevBase;\n\
                                    } else {\n\
                                        delete this["base"];\n\
                                    }\n\
                                    return ret;\n\
                                }'))(propertyName, fn, base);
                        })(name, property);
                    }

                    if (isClassEvent) {
                        targetEvents[name] = property;
                    } else {
                        delete targetEvents[name];
                    }

                    if (isClassMember) {
                        targetMembers[name] = property;
                    } else if (name in targetMembers) {
                        delete targetMembers[name];
                    }

                    if (array) {
                        array[array.length - 1] = property;

                        property = array;
                    }

                    prototype[name] = property;
                } else {
                    prototype[name] = property;
                }
            }
        }

        var eventsArray = [];
        for (var targetEventName in targetEvents) {
            if (targetEvents.hasOwnProperty(targetEventName)) {
                eventsArray.push({ name: targetEventName, fn: targetEvents[targetEventName] });
            }
        }

        var membersArray = [];
        for (var targetMemberName in targetMembers) {
            if (targetMembers.hasOwnProperty(targetMemberName)) {
                membersArray.push({ name: targetMemberName, fn: targetMembers[targetMemberName] });
            }
        }

        // All construction is actually done in the ctor method
        var ChildClass = (new Function("runtime", "events", "members", "FN_ARGS", "STRIP_COMMENTS", "return function " + (displayName || "Class") + "() {\n\
            if (!runtime.initializing && this.ctor)\n\
            {\n\
                var length = members.length;\n\
                var bind = function (me, $$fn$$) {\n\
                    var args = $$fn$$.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, '').match(FN_ARGS)[1];\n\
                    var result = args ? (new Function('me', '$$fn$$', 'return function (' + args + ') { return $$fn$$.apply(me, arguments); }'))(me, $$fn$$) : function () { return $$fn$$.apply(me, arguments); };\n\
                    return result;\n\
                };\n\
                for (var i = 0; i < length; i++)\n\
                {\n\
                    var item = members[i];\n\
                    var fn = item.fn;\n\
                    var name = item.name;\n\
                    var property = this[name] = bind(this, fn);\n\
                    if (fn.fire) {\n\
                        property.fire = bind(this, fn.fire);\n\
                    }\n\
                    if (fn.listeners) {\n\
                        property.listeners = fn.listeners;\n\
                    }\n\
                }\n\
                \n\
                var length = events.length;\n\
                for (var i = 0; i < length; i++)\n\
                {\n\
                    var item = events[i];\n\
                    var fn = item.fn;\n\
                    var name = item.name;\n\
                    var property = this[name] = bind(this, fn);\n\
                    if (fn.fire) {\n\
                        property.fire = bind(this, fn.fire);\n\
                    }\n\
                    if (fn.listeners) {\n\
                        property.listeners = fn.listeners;\n\
                    }\n\
                }\n\
                this.ctor.apply(this, arguments);\n\
            }\n\
        }"))(runtime, eventsArray, membersArray, fnArgs, stripComments);

        ChildClass.members = targetMembers;

        // Populate our constructed prototype object
        ChildClass.prototype = prototype;

        // Enforce the constructor to be what we expect
        ChildClass.prototype.constructor = ChildClass;

        // And make this class extendable
        ChildClass.extend = Extend;
        ChildClass.event = ClassEvent;
        ChildClass.member = ClassMember;

        return ChildClass;
    };

    Class.member = ClassMember;
    Class.event = ClassEvent;

    return Class;
});

最佳答案

你的猜测听起来完全适用。

您可以通过简单地调用附加到父作用域的方法来重用父 Controller 中定义的功能:

HTML

<div ng-controller="ParentCtrl">
    <!-- Something here ... -->
    <div ng-controller="ChildCtrl">
        <!-- Something here ... -->
    </div>
    <!-- Something here ... -->
</div>

JavaScript

function ParentCtrl($scope) {
    $scope.parentMethod = function () {
        //method body
    };
}

function ChildCtrl($scope) {
    $scope.childMethod = function () {
        //functionality
        $scope.parentMethod();
        //functionality
    };
}

如果你想使用带有原型(prototype)继承的 JavaScript 方法，你可以使用:

var myApp = angular.module('myApp',[]);

function Parent($scope) {
    $scope.name = 'Superhero';    

    $scope.clickParent = function() {
        $scope.name = 'Clicked from base controller';
    }    
}

function Child($scope, $injector) {

    debugger;
    $injector.invoke(Parent, this, {$scope: $scope});

    $scope.name = 'Superhero Child';

    $scope.clickChild = function(){
        $scope.clickParent();
    }       
}
Child.prototype = Object.create(Parent.prototype);

http://jsfiddle.net/mhevery/u6s88/12/

例如，对于服务，您可以使用:

(function () {

function ParentService(arg1) {
   this.arg1 = arg1;
}

function ChildService(arg1, arg2) {
   ParentService.call(this, arg1);
   this.arg2 = arg2;
}

ChildService.prototype = new ParentService();

app.service('ChildService', ChildService);

}());

还要检查this讨论和blog post about inheritance in AngularJS我已经发布。

关于oop - 使用 oop 继承的 angularjs，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17389291/

oop - 使用 oop 继承的 angularjs

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