r - 在 R 中工作时分离所有包

Question

在努力解决另一个问题时，我遇到了这个问题:

我可以通过以下方式删除所有 R 对象:

rm(list = ls(all = TRUE))

是否有等效的命令可以在工作 session 期间分离已安装的软件包？

> sessionInfo()
R version 2.12.2 (2011-02-25)
Platform: i386-pc-mingw32/i386 (32-bit)

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252 
[2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252   
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                          
[5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252    

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base 

require(ggplot2)

Loading required package: ggplot2
Loading required package: reshape
Loading required package: plyr

Attaching package: 'reshape'

The following object(s) are masked from 'package:plyr':

    round_any

Loading required package: grid
Loading required package: proto

sessionInfo()

R version 2.12.2 (2011-02-25)
Platform: i386-pc-mingw32/i386 (32-bit)

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252 
[2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252   
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                          
[5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252    

attached base packages:
[1] grid      stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
[8] base     

other attached packages:
[1] ggplot2_0.8.9 proto_0.3-9.1 reshape_0.8.4 plyr_1.4 

我尝试了这种方式，尽管它并不是一个全局解决方案:

pkg <- c("package:ggplot2_0.8.9", "package:proto_0.3-9.1", "package:reshape_0.8.4",  "package:plyr_1.4")

 detach(pkg, character.only = TRUE)

Error in detach(pkg, character.only = TRUE) : invalid 'name' argument
In addition: Warning message:
In if (is.na(pos)) stop("invalid 'name' argument") :
  the condition has length > 1 and only the first element will be used

我正在寻找的是全局性的东西，例如:

  rm(list = ls(all = TRUE))

对于对象，期望它不会删除附加的基础包

谢谢；

Answer 1

所以，有人应该简单地回答以下问题。

lapply(paste('package:',names(sessionInfo()$otherPkgs),sep=""),detach,character.only=TRUE,unload=TRUE)

(编辑:2019 年 6 月 28 日) 在最新版本的R 3.6.0中请改用。

invisible(lapply(paste0('package:', names(sessionInfo()$otherPkgs)), detach, character.only=TRUE, unload=TRUE))

请注意，使用invisible(*) 不是必需的，但对于防止 NULL 回复垂直向 R 窗口发送垃圾邮件很有用。

(编辑:2019年9月20日)在版本3.6.1中

首先将仅加载的 names(sessionInfo()$loadedOnly) 转换为显式附加的包，然后分离这些包可能会有所帮助。

lapply(names(sessionInfo()$loadedOnly), require, character.only = TRUE)
invisible(lapply(paste0('package:', names(sessionInfo()$otherPkgs)), detach, character.only=TRUE, unload=TRUE, force=TRUE))

可以尝试通过 $basePkgs 卸载基础包，也可以尝试使用 unloadNamespace(loadedNamespaces())。然而，这些通常充满错误，并且可能会破坏基本功能，例如导致 sessionInfo() 仅返回错误。发生这种情况通常是因为原始封装设计缺乏可逆性。例如，目前 timeDate 可能会不可逆转地中断。

(编辑:2020 年 9 月 24 日)版本 4.0.2 下面首先加载要测试的包，然后给出完全分离除包“base”和“utils”之外的所有包的顺序。强烈建议不要分离这些包。

    invisible(suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(lapply(c("gsl","fBasics","stringr","stringi","Rmpfr"), require, character.only = TRUE))))
    invisible(suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(lapply(names(sessionInfo()$loadedOnly), require, character.only = TRUE))))
    sessionInfo()

    #the above is a test

    invisible(lapply(paste0('package:', c("stringr","fBasics")), detach, character.only=TRUE,unload=TRUE))
    #In the line above, I have inserted by hand what I know the package dependencies to be. A user must know this a priori or have their own automated
    #method to discover it. Without removing dependencies first, the user will have to cycle through loading namespaces and then detaching otherPkgs a
    #second time through.
    invisible(lapply(paste0('package:', names(sessionInfo()$otherPkgs)), detach, character.only=TRUE,unload=TRUE))

    bspkgs.nb<-sessionInfo()$basePkgs[sessionInfo()$basePkgs!="base"]
    bspkgs.nbu<-bspkgs.nb[bspkgs.nb!="utils"]
    names(bspkgs.nbu)<-bspkgs.nbu
    suppressMessages(invisible(lapply(paste0('package:', names(bspkgs.nbu)), detach, character.only=TRUE,unload=TRUE)))

    #again this thoroughly removes all packages and loaded namespaces except for base packages "base" and "utils" (which is highly not recommended).