maven - pom.xml 中 <dependency> 下的 <scope> 是做什么用的？

Question

查看文档 http://maven.apache.org/surefire/maven-surefire-plugin/examples/testng.html ，我们可以看到<scope>标签 <dependency>

那是什么以及我们如何使用它来运行测试？

Answer 1

<scope>元素可以采用 6 个值:compile、provided、runtime、test、system并导入。

此范围用于限制依赖项的传递性，并影响用于各种构建任务的类路径。

compile

This is the default scope, used if none is specified. Compile dependencies are available in all classpaths of a project. Furthermore, those dependencies are propagated to dependent projects.

provided

This is much like compile, but indicates you expect the JDK or a container to provide the dependency at runtime. For example, when building a web application for the Java Enterprise Edition, you would set the dependency on the Servlet API and related Java EE APIs to scope provided because the web container provides those classes. This scope is only available on the compilation and test classpath, and is not transitive.

runtime

This scope indicates that the dependency is not required for compilation, but is for execution. It is in the runtime and test classpaths, but not the compile classpath.

test

This scope indicates that the dependency is not required for normal use of the application, and is only available for the test compilation and execution phases.

system

This scope is similar to provided except that you have to provide the JAR which contains it explicitly. The artifact is always available and is not looked up in a repository.

import (only available in Maven 2.0.9 or later)

This scope is only used on a dependency of type pom in the section. It indicates that the specified POM should be replaced with the dependencies in that POM's section. Since they are replaced, dependencies with a scope of import do not actually participate in limiting the transitivity of a dependency.

回答问题的第二部分:

How can we use it for running test?

请注意 test范围仅允许在测试阶段使用依赖项。

阅读documentation了解完整详细信息。