shell - 在一个非常愚蠢的 shell 中添加/减去变量

Question

我正在编写一个 shell 脚本，它可以在我的本地 /bin/sh 上正常运行(在 Ubuntu 13.04 上破折号)，但我最终需要在一个哑盒子上运行它，在那里我得到一个由于对变量进行操作而出错:

$((n2 - n1 + 1))

不起作用，我收到如下错误:

syntax error: you disabled math support for $((arith)) syntax

我不太了解那里的sh，但我认为这个东西是busybox。我怎样才能在这个愚蠢的 shell 上做数学题？

<小时/>

编辑小程序列表

~ # busybox --list
[
arp
ash
cat
chgrp
chmod
chown
chroot
chvt
clear
cmp
cp
cut
date
dd
deallocvt
df
dmesg
du
echo
env
false
find
freeramdisk
ftpget
ftpput
grep
gunzip
gzip
hexdump
hwclock
ifconfig
ln
losetup
ls
md5sum
mkdir
mkfifo
mknod
mkswap
more
mount
mv
nslookup
ping
ping6
ps
pwd
renice
reset
rm
rmdir
route
seq
sh
sha1sum
sha256sum
sleep
sort
swapoff
swapon
switch_root
sync
tar
taskset
tee
telnet
test
tftp
time
top
touch
true
umount
uname
uniq
uptime
usleep
vconfig
vi
wget
whoami
yes

Answer 1

使用 seq+grep+sort 进行通用加法/减法/乘法/除法

注释:

• 所有这些都符合 POSIX 标准，但有一个速度稍快的非 POSIX subtract_nonposix，它依赖于支持 -w 的 grep和 -B (非 POSIX，但甚至 busybox' grep 支持它们)
• add/subtract 仅支持无符号整数作为输入
• 乘/除支持有符号整数作为输入
• 减/乘/除可以处理负结果
• 根据输入乘/除可能会非常昂贵(见评论)
如果不这样做，
• subtract/multiply 可能会污染您的命名空间(它们分别使用 $__x 和 $__y)在子 shell 中使用

arith.sh:

#!/bin/sh

is_uint()
{
    case "$1" in
        ''|*[!0-9]*) return 1
                     ;;
    esac
    [ "$1" -ge 0 ]
}

is_int()
{
    case "${1#-}" in
        ''|*[!0-9]*) return 1
                     ;;
    esac
}

# requires seq, grep -n, sort -nr
# reasonably fast
add()
{
    if   ! is_uint "$1" \
      || ! is_uint "$2"; then
        echo "Usage: add <uint1> <uint2>"
        return 1
    fi
    [ "$1" -eq 0 ] && { echo "$2"; return; }
    [ "$2" -eq 0 ] && { echo "$1"; return; }

    {
        seq 1 "$1"
        seq 1 "$2"
    } \
        | grep -n "" \
        | sort -nr \
        | { read num; echo "${num%[-:]*}"; }
}

# requires seq, grep -n, sort -nr, uniq -u
# reasonably fast
subtract()
{
    if   ! is_uint "$1" \
      || ! is_uint "$2"; then
        echo "Usage: subtract <uint1> <uint2>"
        return 1
    fi

    if [ "$1" -ge "$2" ]; then
        __x="$1"
        __y="$2"
    else
        __x="$2"
        __y="$1"
    fi

    {
        seq 0 "${__x}"
        seq 0 "${__y}"
    } \
        | sort -n \
        | uniq -u \
        | grep -n "" \
        | sort -nr \
        | \
        {
            read num
            : ${num:=0}
            [ "${__x}" = "$2" ] && [ "$1" -ne "$2" ] && minus='-'
            echo "${minus}${num%:*}"
        }
}

# requires seq, grep -wB
# faster than subtract(), but requires non-standard grep -wB
subtract_nonposix()
{
    if   ! is_uint "$1" \
      || ! is_uint "$2"; then
        echo "Usage: subtract <uint1> <uint2>"
        return 1
    fi

    if [ "$1" -ge "$2" ]; then
        __x="$1"
        __y="$2"
    else
        __x="$2"
        __y="$1"
    fi
    seq 0 "${__x}" \
        | grep -w -B "${__y}" "${__x}" \
        | \
        {
            read num
            [ "${__x}" = "$2" ] && [ "$1" -ne "$2" ] && minus='-'
            echo "${minus}${num}"
        }
}

# requires seq, sort -nr, add()
# very slow if multiplicand or multiplier is large
multiply()
{
    if   ! is_int "$1" \
      || ! is_int "$2"; then
        echo "Usage: multiply <int1> <int2>"
        return 1
    fi
    [ "$2" -eq 0 ] && { echo 0; return; }
    # make sure to use the smaller number for the outer loop
    # to speed up things a little if possible
    if [ $1 -ge $2 ]; then
        __x="$1"
        __y="$2"
    else
        __x="$2"
        __y="$1"
    fi
    __x="${__x#-}"
    __y="${__y#-}"

    seq 1 "${__y}" \
        | while read num; do
            sum="$(add "${sum:-0}" "${__x}")"
            echo "${sum}"
        done \
        | sort -nr \
        | \
        {
            read num
            if   [ "$1" -lt 0 -a "$2" -gt 0 ] \
              || [ "$2" -lt 0 -a "$1" -gt 0 ]; then
                minus='-'
            fi
            echo "${minus}${num}"
        }
}

# requires subtract()
# very costly if dividend is large and divisor is small
divide()
{
    if   ! is_int "$1" \
      || ! is_int "$2"; then
        echo "Usage: divide <int1> <int2>"
        return 1
    fi
    [ "$2" -eq 0 ] && { echo "division by zero"; return 1; }

    (
        sum="${1#-}"
        y="${2#-}"
        count=
        while [ "${sum}" -ge "${y}" ]; do
            sum="$(subtract "${sum}" "${y}")"
            # no need to use add() for a simple +1 counter,
            # this is way faster
            count="${count}."
        done

        if   [ "$1" -lt 0 -a "$2" -gt 0 ] \
          || [ "$2" -lt 0 -a "$1" -gt 0 ]; then
            minus='-'
        fi
        echo "${minus}${#count}"
    )
}

echo "10 4 14
4 10
10 10
2 -2
-2 -2
0 0
x y" | while read x y; do
    for op in add subtract subtract_nonposix multiply divide; do
        printf -- "${x} ${y} %-17s = %s\n" "${op}" "$("${op}" "${x}" "${y}")"
    done
    echo
done

运行示例:

$ ./arith.sh
10 4 add               = 14
10 4 subtract          = 6
10 4 subtract_nonposix = 6
10 4 multiply          = 40
10 4 divide            = 2

4 10 add               = 14
4 10 subtract          = -6
4 10 subtract_nonposix = -6
4 10 multiply          = 40
4 10 divide            = 0

10 10 add               = 20
10 10 subtract          = 0
10 10 subtract_nonposix = 0
10 10 multiply          = 100
10 10 divide            = 1

2 -2 add               = Usage: add <uint1> <uint2>
2 -2 subtract          = Usage: subtract <uint1> <uint2>
2 -2 subtract_nonposix = Usage: subtract <uint1> <uint2>
2 -2 multiply          = -4
2 -2 divide            = -1

-2 -2 add               = Usage: add <uint1> <uint2>
-2 -2 subtract          = Usage: subtract <uint1> <uint2>
-2 -2 subtract_nonposix = Usage: subtract <uint1> <uint2>
-2 -2 multiply          = 4
-2 -2 divide            = 1

0 0 add               = 0
0 0 subtract          = 0
0 0 subtract_nonposix = 0
0 0 multiply          = 0
0 0 divide            = division by zero

x y add               = Usage: add <uint1> <uint2>
x y subtract          = Usage: subtract <uint1> <uint2>
x y subtract_nonposix = Usage: subtract <uint1> <uint2>
x y multiply          = Usage: multiply <int1> <int2>
x y divide            = Usage: divide <int1> <int2>