我有多个 .txt 文件，如下所示:
header
header
header
header
header
01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM G:\AAA AAAAAAAA\AAAAA\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\CAM_07-0008\Farther Downg Gray Fox
01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM G:\AAA AAAAAAAA\AAAAA\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\CAM_07-0008\Farther Downg Direct Register Walk, Gait, Gray Fox, Stop
01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM G:\AAA AAAAAAAA\AAAAA\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\CAM_07-0008\Farther Downg Gray Fox
最后 2 列的宽度有所不同，但所有列之间始终有 3 个空格(在本例中，第 3 列为空)。
我使用此代码来读取示例.txt:
read.fwf(filename.txt,skip=5,widths=c(12,16,19,76,83),fill=T,fileEncoding = "UTF-16")
但是此代码在此 .txt 上无法正常工作:
header
header
header
header
header
01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM G:\AAA AAAAAAAA\AAAAA AA\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\CAM_07-0008\Farther DowngBBB Gray Fox
01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM G:\AAA AAAAAAAA\AAAAA AA\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\CAM_07-0008\Farther DowngBBB Direct Register Walk, Gait, Gray Fox, Stop
01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM G:\AAA AAAAAAAA\AAAAA AA\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\CAM_07-0008\Farther DowngBBB Gray Fox
有没有办法读取带有固定分隔符(3 个空格)的 .txt 文件，而不必定义每列的宽度，因为文件之间的列宽度有所不同。
这些文件也存在一些编码问题，因此 here是我正在使用的示例文件
最佳答案
我不知道是否有寻找多字符分隔符的好工具，并且您不是第一个询问它的人。大多数(包括 read.table、read.delim 和 readr::read_delim)需要单字节分隔符。
一种方法，虽然对于大文件肯定效率不高，但就是按行加载它们并自己进行分割。
(消耗数据表明底部。)
x <- readLines(textConnection(file1))
x <- x[x != 'header'] # or x <- x[-(1:5)]
(我猜它并不总是字面的 header，所以我假设它要么是固定计数，要么您可以轻松“知道”哪个是哪个。)
spl <- strsplit(x, ' ')
str(spl)
# List of 3
# $ : chr [1:31] "01130009.JPG" "JPEG" "" "" ...
# $ : chr [1:20] "01130009.JPG" "JPEG" "" "" ...
# $ : chr [1:7] "01130009.JPG" "JPEG" "" "" ...
这看起来没问题，只是在你的示例中，右侧有很多空白......
spl[[1]]
# [1] "01130009.JPG"
# [2] "JPEG"
# [3] ""
# [4] ""
# [5] "2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM"
# [6] "G:\\AAA AAAAAAAA\\AAAAA\\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\\CAM_07-0008\\Farther Downg"
# [7] "Gray Fox"
# [8] ""
# [9] ""
# [10] ""
# [11] ""
# [12] ""
# [13] ""
# [14] ""
# [15] ""
# [16] ""
# [17] ""
# [18] ""
# [19] ""
# [20] ""
# [21] ""
# [22] ""
# [23] ""
# [24] ""
# [25] ""
# [26] ""
# [27] ""
# [28] ""
# [29] ""
# [30] ""
# [31] ""
因此，如果您知道有多少列，那么您可以轻松删除多余的内容:
spl <- lapply(spl, `[`, 1:7)
然后检查输出:
as.data.frame(do.call(rbind, spl), stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
# V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
# 1 01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM
# 2 01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM
# 3 01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM
# V6
# 1 G:\\AAA AAAAAAAA\\AAAAA\\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\\CAM_07-0008\\Farther Downg
# 2 G:\\AAA AAAAAAAA\\AAAAA\\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\\CAM_07-0008\\Farther Downg
# 3 G:\\AAA AAAAAAAA\\AAAAA\\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\\CAM_07-0008\\Farther Downg
# V7
# 1 Gray Fox
# 2 Direct Register Walk, Gait, Gray Fox, Stop
# 3 Gray Fox
这与您的第二个示例同样有效:
x <- readLines(textConnection(file2))
x <- x[x != 'header'] # or x <- x[-(1:5)]
spl <- lapply(strsplit(x, ' '), `[`, 1:7)
as.data.frame(do.call(rbind, spl), stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
# V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
# 1 01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM
# 2 01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM
# 3 01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM
# V6
# 1 G:\\AAA AAAAAAAA\\AAAAA AA\\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\\CAM_07-0008\\Farther DowngBBB
# 2 G:\\AAA AAAAAAAA\\AAAAA AA\\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\\CAM_07-0008\\Farther DowngBBB
# 3 G:\\AAA AAAAAAAA\\AAAAA AA\\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\\CAM_07-0008\\Farther DowngBBB
# V7
# 1 Gray Fox
# 2 Direct Register Walk, Gait, Gray Fox, Stop
# 3 Gray Fox
消耗数据:
# note: replaced single '\' with double '\\' for R string-handling only
file1 <- 'header
header
header
header
header
01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM G:\\AAA AAAAAAAA\\AAAAA\\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\\CAM_07-0008\\Farther Downg Gray Fox
01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM G:\\AAA AAAAAAAA\\AAAAA\\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\\CAM_07-0008\\Farther Downg Direct Register Walk, Gait, Gray Fox, Stop
01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM G:\\AAA AAAAAAAA\\AAAAA\\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\\CAM_07-0008\\Farther Downg Gray Fox '
file2 <- 'header
header
header
header
header
01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM G:\\AAA AAAAAAAA\\AAAAA AA\\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\\CAM_07-0008\\Farther DowngBBB Gray Fox
01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM G:\\AAA AAAAAAAA\\AAAAA AA\\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\\CAM_07-0008\\Farther DowngBBB Direct Register Walk, Gait, Gray Fox, Stop
01130009.JPG JPEG 2/5/2018 3:53:44 PM G:\\AAA AAAAAAAA\\AAAAA AA\\BBBB BBBB & BBBBB BBBBB\\CAM_07-0008\\Farther DowngBBB Gray Fox '
关于在 R 中读取具有不同列宽但固定分隔符的文本文件，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49326646/